Cacao is one of important commodities which has significant contribution to Indonesian economy. One main factor in cacao cultivation is the shade tree. In Indonesia, the shade tree for cacao may vary. The study aimed to determine the most suitable shade tree for insect diversity in cacao plantation, conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory of IIBCRI from January to May 2019. The shade trees in used were banana (KP), Ramayana (KR), and coconut (KK). Insect diversity was observed using yellow pan trap and pitfall trap in the field. The trapped insects were identified until order then their abundance were analysed statistically. Result showed the shade trees species are affecting the insect diversity in cacao plantation. The lowest population of insect from in cacao plantation from January to May 2019 was found in banana as shade tree, whereas the highest abundance was found in Ramayana. The highest abundance of the family in the area was from Hymenoptera order and Formicidae family.

Indigofera zollingeriana is a feed that has high crude fiber content so it is difficult to use for poultry feed. The fermentation process using fungus is expected to overcome this problem. The study aimed to determine the interaction between dose and fungi kinds, with the length of fermentation on the protein and crude fiber content of I. zollingeriana. Another goal is to determine the optimum conditions for fermenting I. zollingeriana. The method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern. The first factor consisted of 6 levels of the different fungi dosages, namely 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% Trichoderma harzianum; 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% Aspergillus niger. The second factor was four levels of the duration of fermentation: 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours. All treatments were repeated twice. The experimental data were tested by F test, then Duncan’s analysis was carried out. The results showed that there was an interaction between dose and fungi kinds with the length of fermentation. The optimal condition for fermenting I. zollingeriana with T. harzianum fungus was at a dose of 0.3% and 96 hours fermentation time. This treatment gave the increasing of protein content and reducing crude fiber content.

Hypothenemus hampei is the major pest on a coffee plantation invested coffee berry in the field then unwittingly carried to storage. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of coconut shell wood vinegar and essential oils to control H. hampei. The research conducted in the Pest and Disease Laboratory of IIBCRI and Pakuwon Experimental Field started from January until December 2018. The test of clove oil and citronella oil residue conducted at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after treatment (DAT) at a concentration of 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%; control (aquadest) and α-cyhalothrin insecticides (2 ml/l), respectively. Each treatment used 15 adults of H. hampei replicated 3 times. Coconut shell wood vinegar formulated into 2 formulas. Each formula was applied with different essential oil concentrations as 6 treatments and replicated 4 times. Result showed that the botanical insecticide formula of coconut shell wood vinegar + 5% clove oil caused mortality of H. hampei until 80 - 95%, and coconut shell wood vinegar + 5% citronella oil caused mortality of H. hampei reached 73.34 - 88.33%. Overall, the best botanical insecticide formula is a combination of coconut shell wood vinegar + clove oil.

Toxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) is an important plantation commodity that serves as barrier to prevent erosion, as main material for bio-pesticides and as renewable source of biofuel production. It has been studied that toxic candlenut development in post-mining field can restore soil structure while also influencing environment surrounding, including insects. The study examined insect diversity in the R. trisperma plantation aged ±7 years in Bajawa field, East Nusa Tenggara from July 2018 until February 2019. Insect were collected by installed malaise traps, yellow traps, and pitfall traps in 5 different plots A, B, C, D, and E for 24 hours. Collected insects were then identified in the laboratory using identification book. The results showed there were 13 orders of insects were collected by traps. The diversity index (H’) of insect in the area were 4.053; 3.305; 3.521; 2.973 and 2.611 while the Evenness index (E) of insect were 0.872; 0.836; 0.780; 0.665 and 0.614 respectively. Insect diversity in the Bajawa plantation was high and the dominan individual was Hymenopteran and Dipteran. Several insects were in R. trisperma plant, as herbivores, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. Further research is needed to determine each family of insect’s role in the R. trisperma plantation.

Research on Structure and Dominance of Forest in Arboretum Faculty of Forestry aims to analyze the forest structure and dominance in arboretum area Faculty of Forestry, University of Lambung Mangkurat. The method used in this study is sampling method with a model of continuous line plots. Forest structure analysis is tabulation method and dominance analysis using significant value index. Based on the results of the analysis at the arboretum Faculty of Forestry, University of Lambung Mangkurat it was found that 32 species were found, 17 species at seedling level, 15 species at sapling level, 18 species at pole level and 5 species at tree level. The seedling rate was dominated by Bridelia tomentosa 32,31%, the sapling level was dominated by Aporasa spp. 69,19%, the pole level was dominated by Aquilaria malaccensis 66,62% and the tree level was dominated by Acacia mangium 208,15%. Analysis of the stand structure in the arboretum area Faculty of Forestry both inside and outside the sampling found 46 species with a total of 92 individuals, the pole level of 70 individuals and the tree level of 84 individuals. Stand structure according to growth rate shows that the arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry is a type of secondary natural forest with a distribution like the concept of an inverted “J”. It is suggested that in arboretum area Faculty of Forestry it is necessary to regulate the species composition, spacing and number of each species to maximize the function of the arboretum as a collection of treesPenelitian tentang Struktur Dan Dominansi Tegakan di Arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur tegakan dan dominansi yang berada di area arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sampling dengan model plot berbentuk jalur berpetak. Analisis struktur tegakan adalah metode tabulasi dan analisis dominansi menggunakan indeks nilai penting. Berdasarkan hasil analisis di arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat yaitu ditemukan secara samping ditemukan 32 jenis, 17 jenis tingkat semai, 15 jenis tingkat pancang, 18 jenis tingkat tiang dan 5 jenis tingkat pohon. Tingkat semai didominansi oleh jenis Bridelia tomentosa 32,31%, tingkat pancang didominansi oleh Aporasa spp. 69,19%, tingkat tiang didominansi oleh Aquilaria malaccensis 66,62% dan tingkat pohon didominansi oleh pohon Acacia mangium 208,15%. Analisis struktur tegakan di area arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan baik yang di dalam dan di luar sampling ditemukan 46 jenis dengan jumlah 460 individu dari tingkat semai 214 individu, tingkat pancang 92 individu, tingkat tiang 70 individu dan tingkat pohon 84 individ. Struktur tegakan menurut tingkat pertumbuhan menunukkan arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan merupakan tipe hutan alam sekunder dengan sebaran seperti konsep “J” terbalik. Disarankan bahwa di area arboretum Fakultas Kehutanan perlu dilakukan pengaturan komposisi jenis, jarak tanam dan jumlahnya masing-masing jenis untuk memaksimalkan fungsi arboretum sebagai koleksi pohon-pohon