ABSTRAKRigidoporus microporus merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) pada karet yang sangat sulit untuk dikendalikan. Penggunaan jamur antagonis diharapkan mampu mengendalikan patogen tersebut karena memiliki kemampuan penghambatan melalui mekanisme kompetisi, antibiosis, atau parasitisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi 10 isolat jamur antagonis dalam menghambat R. microporus penyebab penyakit JAP pada tanaman karet serta mengidentifikasi mekanisme penghambatannya secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Januari sampai April 2013, di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi. Penelitian terdiri dari: (1) uji kecepatan pertumbuhan koloni, (2) uji daya hambat, (3) uji metabolit sekunder, dan (4) (3) antagonistic mechanism. Each test using a completely randomized design. The antagonist fungi used are: Trichoderma virens, T. hamatum, T. amazonicum, Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, P. citrinum, P. pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Aspergillus fijiensis, and Hypocrea atroviridis (=T. atroviride), in which each of these fungi repeated 3 times. The results showed that the Trichoderma genus have inhibitory capability against R. microporus stronger than the others. Four genera of Trichoderma fungi have better competition mechanism against R. microporus compared to Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Paecilomyces, and Aspergillus. In addition, T. virens and H. atroviridis also have parasitism ability, while P. lilacinus and E. javanicum have antibiosis mechanism against R. microporus. The antagonistic fungi which were most potential to be developed as a biological control for white root disease, i.e.: T. virens, T. hamatum, and H. atroviridis. ABSTRACT Rigidoporus microporus is a pathogen causing white root disease in rubber plants, which is very difficult to control. The use of antagonistic fungi is expected to control this pathogen because it has the inhibitory ability through the competition, antibiosis or parasitism mechanisms. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten antagonistic fungi in inhibiting the growth of R. microporus in vitro. The research was conducted from January to April 2013, in the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial Beverages Crop Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi. The research consisted of: (1) the growth rate of colony, (2) inhibition, (3) secondary metabolites, and

- Technological progress is changing very rapidly from year to year, mobile devices are one of the fastest growing technological products in its development, with the development of cellular technology at this time, which causes many changes, including in the world of education. Using mobile applications as learning tools can benefit from the availability of learning material that can be accessed at any time, and visualization of interesting material. the problem that arises is the lack of time for communication between teacher and students and learning that is still used by the media of books, which are mainly presented in the form of text, making students less attractive for further lessons. Therefore, researchers have developed educational applications to increase student motivation. Adobe Animate CC software is used to develop mobile multimedia applications to teach the human digestive system and multimedia disorders, this application is intended as an alternative source of student learning, so this application stimulates student motivation so students can play and learn on their own in their free time. Abstract - Kemajuan teknologi berubah sangat cepat dari tahun ke tahun, perangkat seluler adalah salah satu produk teknologi yang tumbuh paling cepat dalam perkembangannya, dengan perkembangan teknologi seluler saat ini, yang menyebabkan banyak perubahan, termasuk di dunia pendidikan. Menggunakan aplikasi seluler sebagai alat pembelajaran dapat mengambil manfaat dari ketersediaan materi pembelajaran yang dapat diakses kapan saja, dan visualisasi materi yang menarik. masalah yang muncul adalah kurangnya waktu untuk komunikasi antara guru dan siswa dan pembelajaran yang masih menggunakan oleh media buku, yang terutama disajikan dalam bentuk teks, membuat siswa kurang menarik untuk pelajaran selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti telah mengembangkan aplikasi edukasi untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa. Perangkat lunak Adobe Animate CC digunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi multimedia bergerak untuk mengajar sistem pencernaan manusia dan gangguan multimedia, aplikasi ini dimaksudkan sebagai alternatif sumber belajar siswa, sehingga aplikasi ini merangsang motivasi siswa agar siswa dapat bermain dan belajar sendiri pada waktu luang mereka.

The study purpose. This study aims to develop a volleyball fundamental movement learning model with a game-centered approach and test its effectiveness in improving the volleyball learning outcomes of elementary school students Materials and methods. The research method used is research and development (R&D) which adopts the10 steps of Borg and Gall R&D model. The data analysis techniques used in this study were qualitative and quantitative. This study used a pretest-posttest control group design to determine the initial abilities of the experimental and the control group (n = 40). The significance test of the learning model effectiveness used a t-test. Normality test was carried out before the data analysis on the results of the experimental group and the control group improvement in the fundamental movement of volleyball with the significance level = 0.05. Results. The results of this study indicate a significant improvement for the experimental group data (0.97) and the control group data (0.42). Because the significance value of the two groups is more than 0.05, the overall data for the study group is normally distributed. The learning model effectiveness test results show the value of t-count -71.065. Conclusions. The fundamental movement improvement of the experimental group is higher or more effective than that of the control group. So it can be concluded that the volleyball fundamental movement learning model with a game-centered approach is effective and efficient to be given to elementary school students.

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The aims of this research are how the existence of Islamic Boarding School (pesantren) ISC Aswaja Lintang Songo Piyungan Yogyakarta in implementing education that liberates its students and how progressivism views a liberating education in this pesantren. This research is naturalistic qualitative research and the strategy used is a case study. The objects of this research are a pesantren leader (kiai) and several senior teachers. Data obtained through observations, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model analysis. The results of this research indicate that independent education in this pesantren is the starting point for implementing liberating education. This pesantren has an education system which is different from other pesantren, in that kiai gives liberation for their students (santri) to choose activities inside and outside pesantren. Therefore, in the view of progressivism, there are at least five things seen from the education process in this pesantren, namely 1). Kiai does not use their leadership in an authoritarian manner, 2). Kiai never carries out an exclusive educational process, 3). Kiai gives flexibility to santri in understanding Islamic education material, 4). Pesantren education has to continue to be open to social realities, and 5). The educational process carried out in pesantren is education of individual and social awareness.