Algorithm and Architecture for Path Metric Aided Bit-Flipping Decoding of Polar Codes

Wang, Yu; Chen, Lirui; Wang, Qinglin; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Xing

doi:10.1109/wcnc.2019.8885419

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar problems that occur in linear modulation have been addressed using LLR clipping [43]- [52], LLR scaling [53]- [56], bit flipping [57], [58], and LLR generation through machine learning [59]. Currently, the best method of solving this problem is to use machine learning to generate LLRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Improvement of Radio-Wave Encrypted MIMO Communications Using Average LLR Clipping

Okumura

Asano

Abe

et al. 2022

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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In recent years, there has been significant interest in information-theoretic security techniques that encrypt physical layer signals. We have proposed chaos modulation, which has both physical layer security and channel coding gain, as one such technique. In the chaos modulation method, the channel coding gain can be increased using a turbo mechanism that exchanges the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) with an external concatenated code using the max-log approximation. However, chaos modulation, which is a type of Gaussian modulation, does not use fixed mapping, and the distance between signal points is not constant; therefore, the accuracy of the max-log approximated LLR degrades under poor channel conditions. As a result, conventional methods suffer from performance degradation owing to error propagation in turbo decoding. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new LLR clipping method that can be optimally applied to chaos modulation by limiting the confidence level of LLR and suppressing error propagation. For effective clipping on chaos modulation that does not have fixed mappings, the average confidence value is obtained from the extrinsic LLR calculated from the demodulator and decoder, and clipping is performed based on this value, either in the demodulator or the decoder. Numerical results indicated that the proposed method achieves the same performance as the one using the exact LLR, which requires complicated calculations. Furthermore, the security feature of the proposed system is evaluated, and we observe that sufficient security is provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Improvement of Radio-Wave Encrypted MIMO Communications Using Average LLR Clipping

Okumura

Asano

Abe

et al. 2022

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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“…This method achieves slightly improved performance for the SCF approach [46], and also illustrates an increase in the reliability metric compared to the basic SCL approach. Next, we will consider flexible and generalized approaches to the SCLF concept to achieve the optimal decoding performance.…”

Section: ) Basic Flipping Methodmentioning

confidence: 88%

Overview of various methods for decoding and constructing critical sets of polar codes

Timokhin,

Ivanov

2023

J. Commun. Netw.

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Polar codes have gained significant attention in recent years as they offer a promising solution for reliable communication in the presence of channel noise. However, decoding these codes remains a critical challenge, particularly for practical implementations. Traditional decoding methods such as belief propagation and successive cancellation suffer from complexity and performance issues. To address these challenges, authors have researched several low-complexity decoding techniques, including bit-flipping decoding with critical set construction. Bitflipping decoding methods operate by flipping a limited number of bits in the received codeword to bring the decoder output closer to the transmitted message. The critical set construction is an essential component of these methods, which identifies the set of bits to be flipped. This paper compares various bit-flipping decoding methods with different critical set constructions, including revised critical set, subblocks-based critical set, key set and others. The performance of these methods is evaluated in terms of bit error rate, computational complexity, and an average number of operations. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of bit-flipping decoding methods with critical set construction for polar codes. The paper's findings highlight the potential of these methods to improve the performance and reliability of polar codes, making them a viable option for practical implementation in modern communication systems.

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“…In this work, we focus on improving the area efficiency of hybrid polar decoding by adopting a pipelined architecture, which is similar to our previous work [30]. Here, the main contributions of this work are summarized as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An Area-Efficient Hybrid Polar Decoder With Pipelined Architecture

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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As the first kind of capacity-achieving forward error correction (FEC) codes, polar codes have attracted much research interest recently. Compared with traditional FEC codes, polar codes show better error correction performance when successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding with cyclic redundancy check is adopted. However, its serial decoding nature and high complexity of list management lead to its low throughput. Though the adaptive SCL decoding and hybrid decoding can improve the throughput, it comes at cost of implementation area. In this paper, we propose a pipelined hybrid decoding procedure and the corresponding hardware architecture to improve the area efficiency. In our design, the idle decoding cores are employed for successive cancellation (SC) decoding when SCL decoding is not working. The SCL decoding will be activated when the SC decoding fails. Different decoding cores work according to their own operation sequences and share one common processing array to improve the utilization ratio of processing elements. Constant receiving interval is supported with the design of input buffer to store all received codewords. A software platform is established to optimize the design parameters for each module of decoder. Moreover, the corresponding architecture is implemented using 65nm technology. Experimental results show that the proposed decoder can achieve a similar error correction performance with the SCL decoding with list size 16. Compared to the state-of-the-art available hybrid decoder, our proposed pipelined hybrid decoder is 3.07× more area efficient.

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Algorithm and Architecture for Path Metric Aided Bit-Flipping Decoding of Polar Codes

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Performance Improvement of Radio-Wave Encrypted MIMO Communications Using Average LLR Clipping

Performance Improvement of Radio-Wave Encrypted MIMO Communications Using Average LLR Clipping

Overview of various methods for decoding and constructing critical sets of polar codes

An Area-Efficient Hybrid Polar Decoder With Pipelined Architecture

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