Alignment Procedures for Micro-optics

Mohaupt, Matthias; Beckert, Erik; Eberhardt, Ramona; Tünnermann, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11598-1_16

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Sub-micrometer precision is typically required for the accurate positioning of the microlenses in hybrid optical systems, where alignment steps of 0.1 μm are achievable [31]. In this study, the acylindrical lens will be angularly misaligned on the xz plane in respect to the WFE PIC with 8 OPAs by a step of 0.5 μm, a value that can also be detected by a camera during the alignment procedure [32]. Figure 10a illustrates the misaligned acylindrical lens in front of the WFE PIC, where the ± Δxm misplacement at the lens' sides corresponds to an angle of ± θm.…”

Section: Misalignment Tolerance Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Design of a Wavelength Selective Switch Utilizing a Waveguide Frontend with Beamsteering Capability

Patsamanis,

Ketzaki,

Chatzitheocharis

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Wavelength selective switches (WSSs) are essential elements for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, as they offer cost-effective, high port-count and flexible spectral channel switching. This work proposes a new hybrid WSS architecture that leverages the beam shaping and steering features of uniform silicon nitride (SiN) based end-fire optical phased arrays (OPAs). By introducing beamforming to a WSS system, the spectral channels on the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panel can be tailored and arranged properly, depending on the optical configuration, using the beam control capabilities of OPAs. Combining 3D-FDTD and ray tracing simulations, the study shows that by reducing the input beam dimensions with proper sizing of the OPAs, the WSS design with the null-steering OPAs layout and 4×No switch size features increased spectral resolution. This extensive beamforming study on the steering-enabled layout reveals the acquirement of an even higher input channel number, achieving up to the 8×No WSS scheme with flexible channel routing on the LCoS panel. Such implementation of beamsteerers can unlock an extra degree of freedom for the switching capabilities of hybrid WSS devices. The results show great promise for the introduction of OPAs in WSS systems and provide valuable insight for the design of future wireless communication links and WDM systems.

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Section: Misalignment Tolerance Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Design of a Wavelength Selective Switch Utilizing a Waveguide Frontend with Beamsteering Capability

Patsamanis,

Ketzaki,

Chatzitheocharis

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Submicrometer precision is typically required for the accurate positioning of the microlenses in hybrid optical systems, where alignment steps of 0.1 µm are achievable [30]. In this study, the acylindrical lens will be angularly misaligned on the xz plane with respect to the WFE PIC with 8 OPAs by a step of 0.5 µm, a value that can also be detected by a camera during the alignment procedure [31]. Figure 10a illustrates the misaligned acylindrical lens in front of the WFE PIC, where the ±∆x m misplacement at the lens' sides corresponds to an angle of ±θ m .…”

Section: Misalignment Tolerance Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Design of a Wavelength Selective Switch Utilizing a Waveguide Frontend with Beamsteering Capability

Patsamanis,

Ketzaki,

Chatzitheocharis

et al. 2024

Photonics

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Wavelength selective switches (WSSs) are essential elements for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, as they offer cost-effective, high port-count and flexible spectral channel switching. This work proposes a new hybrid WSS architecture that leverages the beam shaping and steering features of uniform silicon nitride-based end-fire optical phased arrays (OPAs). By introducing beamforming to a WSS system, the spectral channels on the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panel can be tailored and arranged properly, depending on the optical configuration, using the beam control capabilities of OPAs. Combining 3D-FDTD and ray tracing simulations, the study shows that, by reducing the input beam dimensions with proper sizing of the OPAs, the WSS design with a null-steering OPA layout and 4 × No switch size features increased spectral resolution. This extensive beamforming study on the steering-enabled layout reveals the acquirement of an even higher input channel number, matching the 8 × No WSS scheme, with flexible channel routing on the LCoS panel. Such implementation of beamsteerers can unlock an extra degree of freedom for the switching capabilities of hybrid WSS devices. The results show great promise for the introduction of OPAs in WSS systems and provide valuable insight for the design of future wireless communication links and WDM systems.

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“…Possible solutions for fixing the alignment include bonding by adhesives and soldering, 8 and friction-based clamping. All of these methods have advantages and disadvantages, e.g., the post-bonding shift of an adhesive caused by the curing process.…”

Section: Key Functions Of the Alignment Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically flexible waveguide arrays for optical chip-to-chip coupling

Peters

Tichem

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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This paper reports on the progress related to a multichannel photonic alignment concept, which aims to achieve submicrometer alignment of the waveguides of two photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The concept consists of two steps: chip-to-chip positioning and fixing provide a coarse alignment after which waveguide-to-waveguide positioning and fixing result in a fine alignment. For the waveguide-to-waveguide alignment, mechanically flexible waveguides are used. Positioning of the waveguides is performed by integrated MEMS actuators. The flexible waveguides and the actuators are both integrated in one of the PICs. This paper reports on the fabrication and the mechanical characterization of the suspended waveguide structures.The flexible waveguide array is created in a PIC which is based on TriPleX technology, i.e. a silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) core encapsulated in a silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) cladding. The realized flexible waveguide structures consist of parallel cantilevered waveguide beams and a crossbar that connects the free ends of the waveguide beams.The fabrication of suspended structures consisting of a thick, i.e. 15 µm, TriPleX layer stack is challenged by the compressive mean stress in the SiO 2 .We have developed a fabrication method for the reliable release of flexible TriPleX structures, resulting in a 96 % yield of cantilever beams. The realized suspended waveguide arrays have a natural out-of-plane deformation, which is studied using white light interferometry. Suspended waveguide beams reveal a downward slope at the base of the beams close to 0.5• . In addition to this slope, the beams have a concave upward profile. The constant curvature over the length of the waveguide beams is measured to range from 0.2 µm to 0.8 µm. The profiles measured over the length of the crossbars do not seem to follow a circular curvature. The variation in deflection within crossbars is measured to be smaller than 0.2 µm.

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Alignment Procedures for Micro-optics

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Optical Design of a Wavelength Selective Switch Utilizing a Waveguide Frontend with Beamsteering Capability

Optical Design of a Wavelength Selective Switch Utilizing a Waveguide Frontend with Beamsteering Capability

Optical Design of a Wavelength Selective Switch Utilizing a Waveguide Frontend with Beamsteering Capability

Mechanically flexible waveguide arrays for optical chip-to-chip coupling

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