Alkaloids Produced by Endophytic Fungi: A Review

Zhang, Yanyan; Han, Ting; Ming, Qianqian; Wu, Ling-Shang; Rahman, Khalid; Qin, Lu‐Ping

doi:10.1177/1934578x1200700742

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Alkaloids are secondary metabolite organic compounds found in nature. In fungi (especially endophytic fungi), alkaloids have properties such as antifungals and antiviral activity (Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Phytochemical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Application of Trichoderma Suspension to Control Cacao Pod Rot (Phytophthora palmivora)

Sriwati

Chamzurn²,

Soesanto³

et al. 2019

Agrivita.J.Agr.Sci

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Cacao pod rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora, is an important disease and contributes significant disease losses to global cocoa production. This research objective was to determine the effect of Trichoderma harzianum and T. virens suspensions to cacao pod rot disease on the field. This research was carried out in Pulo Hagu village, Pidie Regency, Aceh, Indonesia from March to July 2017. The single pattern randomized block design was adopted to evaluate three treatments, i.e. without suspension (control), suspensions of T. Harzianum, and T. virens for eight replications. Each replication consisted of three of experimental units. The result showed that both of Trichoderma species contained only Alkaloid metabolite based on Phytochemical test. On the field, the application of T. harzianum suspension reduced the percentage of fruit infection and disease intensity for 48.57 %, 46.04 % at 12 weeks after application (WAA) respectively. Based on the percentage reduction in the area of the spot between the metabolites T. harzianum suspension and control and T. virens and control are 47.24 % and 27.46 % at 87 WAA respectively. In addition, T. virens suppressed the percentage of infected fruit and the intensity of infected fruit for 40.61 % and 38.02 % at 12 WAA.

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Section: Phytochemical Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Application of Trichoderma Suspension to Control Cacao Pod Rot (Phytophthora palmivora)

Sriwati

Chamzurn²,

Soesanto³

et al. 2019

Agrivita.J.Agr.Sci

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“…Interest in such microorganisms, termed as endophytes, increased immensely with the discovery of an endophytic fungus, from Taxus brevifolia, producing the billion dollar anti-cancer drug, taxol (Stierle et al 1993). Numerous bioactive molecules have been isolated from endophytic fungi since this ground breaking discovery (Strobel 2006; Wang et al 2011; Zhang et al 2012). Endophytes are metabolically more active than their free counterparts due to their specific functions in nature and activation of various metabolic pathways to survive in the host tissues (Strobel and Daisy 2003; Strobel 2006; Riyaz-Ul-Hassan et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas

et al. 2013

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This study was conducted to characterize and explore the endophytic fungi of selected plants from the Western Himalayas for their bioactive potential. A total of 72 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as on the basis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and analyses. The fungi represented 27 genera of which two belonged to Basidiomycota, each representing a single isolate, while the rest of the isolates comprised of Ascomycetous fungi. Among the isolated strains, ten isolates could not be assigned to a genus as they displayed a maximum sequence similarity of 95% or less with taxonomically characterized organisms. Among the host plants, the conifers, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburgii and Abies pindrow harbored the most diverse fungi, belonging to 13 different genera, which represented almost half of the total genera isolated. Several extracts prepared from the fermented broth of these fungi demonstrated strong bioactivity against E. coli and S. aureus with the lowest IC50 of 18 μg/ml obtained with the extract of Trichophaea abundans inhabiting Pinus sp. In comparison, extracts from only three endophytes were significantly inhibitory to Candida albicans, an important fungal pathogen. Further, 24 endophytes inhibited three or more phytopathogens by at least 50% in co-culture, among a panel of seven test organisms. Extracts from 17 fungi possessed immuno-modulatory activities with five of them showing significant immune suppression as demonstrated by the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. This study is an important step towards tapping the endophytic fungal diversity from the Western Himalayas and assessing their bioactive potential. Further studies on the selected endophytes may lead to the isolation of novel natural products for use in medicine, industry and agriculture.

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“…These metabolites have been subdivided by Kumar et al [49] into seven subclass: pyridoacrine alkaloids (tetracyclic, pentacyclic, hexacyclic, heptacyclic, and octacyclic alkaloids), indole alkaloid (bisindole, indolocarbazole, ergoline, peptidoindole, b-carboline, and trisindole alkaloids), pyrrole alkaloid (bromopyrroles, pyrroloquinones, pryrrodoquinoline alkaloids, pyrrodoacridines), isoquinoline alkaloids, gadinine alkaloids, aminoimidazole alkaloids, and sterol alkaloids. Alkaloids produced by endophytic fungi and algae were reviewed by Zhang et al [50] and Güven et al [51] and have several bioactivities such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anticancer.…”

Section: Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%