Alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase

Bosch, H. van den; Vet, Edwin C.J.M. de

doi:10.1016/s0005-2760(97)00107-0

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The prevalence of MADAGs suggests a role for adiposomes in ether lipid metabolism. The first three enzymes in ether lipid biosynthesis are in peroxisomes (17,19,27). The conversion of 1-alkylglycerol-3-phosphate to 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerol, however, is thought to occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipidomics reveals that adiposomes store ether lipids and mediate phospholipid traffic,

Bartz

Venables

et al. 2007

Journal of Lipid Research

424

364

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Lipid droplets are accumulations of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and associated proteins. Recent proteomic analysis of isolated droplets suggests that they are part of a dynamic organelle system that is involved in membrane traffic as well as packaging and distributing lipids in the cell. To gain a better insight into the function of droplets, we used a combination of mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to characterize the lipid composition of this compartment. In addition to cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols with mixed fatty acid composition, we found that ?10-20% of the neutral lipids were the ether lipid monoalk(en)yl diacylglycerol. Although lipid droplets contain only 1-2% phospholipids by weight, .160 molecular species were identified and quantified. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the most abundant class, followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC). Relative to total membrane, droplet phospholipids were enriched in lysoPE, lysoPC, and PC but deficient in sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid. These results suggest that droplets play a central role in ether lipid metabolism and intracellular lipid traffic. Lipid droplets are recognized by their conserved structural organization, which consists of a hydrophobic matrix of neutral lipid covered by a monolayer of phospholipids and associated proteins (1). Although traditionally regarded as a simple repository for stored carbon reserves, emerging evidence suggests that droplets function as dynamic organelles with a central role in cellular lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cell signaling (2). Because lipid droplets can be found in bacteria, yeast, plant, and animal cells, over the years they have acquired a variety of names. Recently, we proposed that this diverse collection of names be replaced with the designation adiposome (3). Thus, an adiposome is an organelle that is specialized for packaging and distributing lipids in cells. In this nomenclature, the droplet is simply the most visible stage in the complex life cycle of an adiposome.During the past few years, a number of reports have focused on the protein composition of lipid droplets isolated from yeast (4), plant (5), and animal (3, 6, 7) cells. A consensus view from these studies is that droplets contain structural proteins, proteins involved in the biosynthesis and breakdown of lipids, and proteins that mediate membrane traffic. Thus, the proteome indicates that droplets are actively engaged in membrane traffic, perhaps for the purpose of maintaining the proper lipid composition of different membrane compartments. In contrast to the proteins, surprisingly little is known about the lipid composition of animal cell droplets. Generally, droplets are rich in neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesteryl esters that have a diverse population of esterified fatty acids (8). Here, we report an analysis of the lipid composition of droplets purified from variou...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MADAG was not present in all cell types. The key step in the synthesis of ether lipids is the conversion of acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to alkyl-DHAP by the peroxisomal enzyme alkyl-DHAP synthase (17). Therefore, droplets isolated from cells lacking peroxisomes should contain reduced amounts of MADAG.…”

Section: H-nmr In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipidomics reveals that adiposomes store ether lipids and mediate phospholipid traffic,

Bartz

Venables

et al. 2007

Journal of Lipid Research

424

364

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“…In the de novo pathway of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis, LPA is first formed from glycerol 3-phosphate by GPAT (11,12). Next, LPA is converted to PA by LPAATs, and PA is metabolized into two types of glycerol derivatives (11,12).…”

Section: Acyltransferases In the De Novo Pathway (Kennedy Pathway)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, LPA is converted to PA by LPAATs, and PA is metabolized into two types of glycerol derivatives (11,12). One is DAG, which is then converted to TAG, PC, and PE.…”

Section: Acyltransferases In the De Novo Pathway (Kennedy Pathway)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acyl-CoA:Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases

Shindou

Shimizu

2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

406

352

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Cell membranes contain several classes of glycerophospholipids, which have numerous structural and functional roles in the cells. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, are located at the sn-2 (but not sn-1)-position of glycerophospholipids in an asymmetrical manner. Using acyl-CoAs as donors, glycerophospholipids are formed by a de novo pathway (Kennedy pathway) and modified by a remodeling pathway (Lands' cycle) to generate membrane asymmetry and diversity. Both pathways were reported in the 1950s. Whereas enzymes involved in the Kennedy pathway have been well characterized, including enzymes in the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family, little is known about enzymes involved in the Lands' cycle. Recently, several laboratories, including ours, isolated enzymes working in the remodeling pathway. These enzymes were discovered not only in the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase family but also in the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase family. In this review, we summarize recent studies on cloning and characterization of lysophospholipid acyltransferases that contribute to membrane asymmetry and diversity.

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Biochemistry, cell biology and molecular biology of lipids ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Daum

Lees

Bard

et al. 1998

Yeast

580

380

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The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful experimental system to study biochemical, cell biological and molecular biological aspects of lipid synthesis. Most but not all genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid, phospholipid, sterol or sphingolipid biosynthesis of this unicellular eukaryote have been cloned, and many gene products have been functionally characterized. Less information is available about genes and gene products governing the transport of lipids between organelles and within membranes, turnover and degradation of complex lipids, regulation of lipid biosynthesis, and linkage of lipid metabolism to other cellular processes. Here we summarize current knowledge about lipid biosynthetic pathways in S. cerevisiae and describe the characteristic features of the gene products involved. We focus on recent discoveries in these fields and address questions on the regulation of lipid synthesis, subcellular localization of lipid biosynthetic steps, cross‐talk between organelles during lipid synthesis and subcellular distribution of lipids. Finally, we discuss distinct functions of certain key lipids and their possible roles in cellular processes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Lipidomics reveals that adiposomes store ether lipids and mediate phospholipid traffic,

Lipidomics reveals that adiposomes store ether lipids and mediate phospholipid traffic,

Acyl-CoA:Lysophospholipid Acyltransferases

Biochemistry, cell biology and molecular biology of lipids ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae

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