Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-Butene on Zeolite Beta

Loenders, Raf; Jacobs, Pierre; Martens, Johan A.

doi:10.1006/jcat.1998.2045

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When the crystal size decreases, the reaction rate increases through improved accessibility of acids sites and higher adsorption capacity for CHP. Several research groups have found substantial improvement in zeolite activity, selectivity and/or stability by lowering the crystal size in the nanoscale range (Loenders et al, 1998;Botella et al, 2000;Sato et al, 2001;Arribas and Martinez, 2001;Sato et al, 1999;Gorring, 1976;Camblor et al, 1998;Harvey et al, 1995). …”

Section: Comparison Of Catalytic Activity Of Zsm-5 Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selective decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone over nanocrystalline ZSM-5

Kumar

Selvin

Kumari

et al. 2010

IJMATEI

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Phenol is an industrially important chemical, generally produced via sulphuric acid catalysed decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). The effluent containing the acid used as catalyst has to be neutralised and extracted to avoid corrosion and environmental problems. In the current work, a simple process was developed based on the use of nanocrystalline ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 100) catalyst. The catalyst was characterised by XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS and FT-IR analyses. The activity of this catalyst was tested for the liquid-phase decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide. The effects of various parameters such as, catalyst weight, catalyst particle size, concentration of CHP, reaction temperature and reusability of catalyst were studied. It was observed that the nanocrystalline ZSM-5 with smaller particle size showed superior activity. In addition, these catalysts have excellent reusability and can be used instead of sulphuric acid for selective decomposition of CHP into phenol and acetone with 100% conversion.

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Section: Comparison Of Catalytic Activity Of Zsm-5 Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Selective decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone over nanocrystalline ZSM-5

Kumar

Selvin

Kumari

et al. 2010

IJMATEI

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“…It has been known that the aluminum content of the zeolite was the key factor controlling its activity in alkylation of isobutane with butenes [2,10,11]. The large contents of aluminum were found to be necessary for improving the stability of the zeolites.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that the way to improve its stability is to increase the concentration of Brønsted acid sites [2,10,11]. Stocker et al indicated that only strong Brønsted acid sites were catalytically active [8], while Diaz-Mendoza et al suggested that Brønsted acid sites with intermediate strength play an important role in alkylation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numerous efforts to overcome this drawback are reported in the literature [1,2]. Especially, zeolites have been widely studied as a potential alkylation catalyst with intensive characterization to identify their desirable properties for the reaction [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, the correlation between the physicochemical properties of zeolites and catalytic performance has reminded unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zeolites-catalyzed Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-butene: Influence of Acidic Properties

Yoo

Smirniotis

2005

Catal Lett

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The influence of acidity properties of zeolites on the alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was studied using ultrastable Y (USY) zeolites. Most zeolites possessed almost comparable hydrogen transfer activity except for USY-30, which has the lowest acid site density. On the other hand, the strength of acid sites increased with degrees of dealumination. During the alkylation, a maximum in catalytic activity for certain Si/Al ratios were observed. This behavior is believed to be a result of a balanced level of acidic properties between the concentration and strength of Brønsted acid sites. It can prohibit the formation of heavy carbonaceous materials that deactivate the zeolites.

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“…The individual site poisoning (Loenders et al, 1998) and the pore mouth poisoning (Querini & Roa, 1997) have been proposed as the possible mechanisms for the deactivation of solid acid catalysts but very limited experimental results and theoretical analyses are available in the literature to confirm these observations (Sahebdelfar et al, 2002). Various factors that are believed to affect the catalyst life and the product patterns are the shape of the catalyst, the initial activity of the catalyst and the diffusion of reactants and products into the pores, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation Reactors

Ramaswamy¹,

Ramachandran²,

Duduković³

2005

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

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The current solid acid catalyst based alkylation processes suffer from rapid deactivation of the catalysts which is affected by the shape and size of the catalysts, reactor configuration and the reactants' feeding pattern. In this work, the deactivation of the solid acid catalysts in alkylation of iso-butane with butene and the reactor performance are studied using the multi-scale mathematical models. A pseudo-steady state catalyst pellet level model, incorporating the alkylation and deactivation kinetics, is coupled to the transient model of back mixed reactor configurations like a single CSTR and CSTR-in-series. The effects of catalyst shape, initial acid strength of the catalyst, paraffin-to-olefin feed ratio on the conversion of the olefin, on the yield of alkylates and on the time required for complete deactivation of the catalyst are investigated. The role of the size of the catalyst particles on the types of deactivation mechanism is elucidated. The effect of contacting pattern of iso-butane and butene in the reactor on the catalyst life and on the alkylate yield is also presented.

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Alkylation of Isobutane with 1-Butene on Zeolite Beta

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

Selective decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone over nanocrystalline ZSM-5

Selective decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone over nanocrystalline ZSM-5

Zeolites-catalyzed Alkylation of Isobutane with 2-butene: Influence of Acidic Properties

Modeling of Solid Acid Catalyzed Alkylation Reactors

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