Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been employed to study the interfacial interaction between polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) and aluminium produced by the deposition of a thin PMDI layer on the aluminium, in order to improve adhesion and/or abhesion performance.When the PMDI concentration increases, the intensity ratio fragments indicative of the reaction product with water (m/z = 106 u: C 7 H 8 N + ) to that of isocyanate group (m/z = 132 u:C 8 H 6 NO + ) decreases. A very thin MDI layer on oxidised aluminium samples exhibits lower 106/132 ratio than degreased samples as a result of less hydroxide/hydroxyl spices on the surface. This suggests that water reactions occur both at the surface of PMDI and at the PMDI/aluminium interface. The variation of the PMDI chemistry has also been studied by exposing PMDI treated samples to the air for various periods of time (a few hours to 14 days), in order to assess the reaction of the PMDI surface and PMDI/aluminium interface. At the interface, the yield of reaction with water is limited because of the finite amount of hydroxyl groups on the aluminium surface, and the water reaction is completed in a short period of time.However, the PMDI surface continues to react with water from the atmospheric. This methodology was also used to establish the presence of specific interactions at the PMDI/aluminium interface, and a fragment indicative of covalent bond formation between PMDI and aluminium (AlCHNO 3 -) is observed at the interface.2

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NO and NO2 associated as the asymmetric N2O3 conformer compete with water molecules for coordination with sodium cations of the sodium–water clusters in supercages of the Na‐Y zeolite. This reactive NOx adsorption is reversible (see picture), not sensitive to SO2, and presents an alternative method for the removal of NOx from lean‐burn exhaust gas without the formation of surface nitrates.

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