All-cellulose nanocomposite fibers produced by melt spinning cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose nanocrystals

Hooshmand, Saleh; Aitomäki, Yvonne; Skrifvars, Mikael; Mathew, Aji P.; Oksman, Kristiina

doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0269-4

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The AFM analysis was performed in the tapping mode with a Veeco Multimode Scanning Probe (Santa Barbara, USA) with a Nanoscope V software to obtain height and amplitude information of individual cellulosic elements. With CNC, the length of the crystalline elements was evaluated with same software as with the TEM-analysis, whereas for the diameter, the height of the CNC entities was used (in order to avoid broadening effects) as outlined by Hooshmand et al (2014). The average values of the dimensions of the elements and their standard deviations were based on measurements of about 200 fibrils/particles (both for TEM and AFM).…”

Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological properties of nanocellulose suspensions: effects of fibril/particle dimensions and surface characteristics

et al. 2017

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The rheological properties of aqueous suspensions based on three different nanocelluloses were compared. One system was obtained via acid hydrolysis (thus yielding crystalline nanocellulose, CNC) and the other two from mechanical shearing, but from different origins and subjected to different pretreatments. Of the latter two, one was considered to be a rather typical cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspension whereas the other was a kind of intermediate between CNF and CNC. All three nanocellulose elements differed in dimensions as evident from transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. With regard to the length of the fibrils/particles, the three nanocelluloses formed three distinct groups with lengths between 200 and slightly more than 800 nm. The three cellulosic elements were also subjected to a TEMPO-mediated oxidation yielding a similar carboxylate content in the three systems. Furthermore, the TEMPO-oxidized elements were grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The amount of grafted PEG was about 35 wt%. The shear viscosity, the storage modulus and the loss modulus of suspensions of the unmodified, the TEMPO-oxidized and the grafted nanocelluloses were determined at room temperature and the solids content of the suspensions was varied between 0.7 and 2.0 wt%. It was concluded that the rheological properties varied significantly between the suspensions depending on the dimensions of the cellulosic elements and their surface characteristics. In this context, the length (or the aspect ratio) of the particles played a very important role.

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Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological properties of nanocellulose suspensions: effects of fibril/particle dimensions and surface characteristics

et al. 2017

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“…Hooshmand et al [4] have studied cellulose-based melt spun fibers. They have reported that CAB fibers with 15 wt% TEC have 21% elasticity.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Melt Spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Melt spinning process is one of the most convenient methods for polymer fiber manufacturing at an industrial scale for the textile industry. [4,5] Polyesters (e.g., PET), polyamides (e.g., nylon 6), and PP are typical synthetic polymers that can be converted through melt spinning into fibers. [6][7][8] Melt spinning is a simple process, which offers many advantages compared with solvent or wetfiber spinning, such as no solvents are needed, there are no toxic byproducts, and the production speed is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12,13] Only a few results of cellulose-based melt spinning fibers, which have been prepared using cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), have been reported earlier. [4,10,14,15] However, plasticizers (e.g., triethyl citrate [TEC], polyethylene glycol) are required for all these reported short chain cellulose derivatives. In our previous studies, we have developed a thermoplastic long chain cellulose esters, [12,13,16] which are processable without the addition of a plasticizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melt spinnability of long chain cellulose esters

Willberg‐Keyriläinen

Rokkonen

Malm

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Technical and hygienic nonwovens, originating typically from fossil‐based synthetic polymers, are the fastest growing applications in the textile industry. Recently developed thermoplastic cellulose fatty acid esters have polyolefin like rheology properties and therefore the suitability of these cellulose esters for fiber production was evaluated. In this study, the melt spinning of textile fibers has been demonstrated using thermoplastic cellulose octanoate. The mechanical properties of melt spun fibers were analyzed by using tensile testing and both the surface and cross‐section morphology of melt spun fibers were studied using the scanning electron microscopy. The surfaces of the fibers were very smooth and also the cross‐section was very uniform and no porosity was observed. While mechanical properties of the produced fibers are not yet as good as those reported for commercial polypropylene (PP) monofilament fibers, they are somewhat more comparable to other cellulose ester‐based fibers. The melt spinning results indicate that the novel cellulose‐based fibers can provide a renewable and recyclable alternative, for example, spun‐laid PP in several hygienic textile and fully oriented in technical applications in future.

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“…The polymer nanocomposites are interesting to improve various properties and to develop new functionalities for the fibers . This approach has been described for the first time in 2002 by Bourbigot et al by incorporating Cloisite 30B in polyamide 6 (PA‐6) for textile application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Mechanical, and Thermal Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Multifilament Fibers Prepared by Melt Spinning

et al. 2016

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In this study, multifilament fibers based on neat poly(lactic acid) (PLA), PLA/cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs), and PLA/cellulose microcrystalline (MCC) loaded at 1 and 3 wt.% were prepared by melt-spinning process in the presence of PLA-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) used as the compatibilizer and PEG as the plasticizer. This study showed that the incorporation of MCC in PLA matrix whatever the loading rate was not suitable for multifilament fibers spinning compared with CNW, due to the restricted drawability and a poor dispersion of the MCC within the PLA matrix. Furthermore, the whole characterization studies indicated that the incorporation of 1 wt.% of CNW in PLA with addition of the compatibilizer led to better thermal stability, flame retardancy, and multifilament tensile properties compared with neat PLA and with other filled PLA multifilament fibers.

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All-cellulose nanocomposite fibers produced by melt spinning cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose nanocrystals

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Rheological properties of nanocellulose suspensions: effects of fibril/particle dimensions and surface characteristics

Rheological properties of nanocellulose suspensions: effects of fibril/particle dimensions and surface characteristics

Melt spinnability of long chain cellulose esters

Morphological, Mechanical, and Thermal Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Multifilament Fibers Prepared by Melt Spinning

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