All-Transparent Stretchable Electrochromic Supercapacitor Wearable Patch Device

Abstract

Flexible and stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor systems are widely considered as promising multifunctional energy storage devices that eliminate the need for an external power source. Nevertheless, the performance of conventional designs deteriorates significantly as a result of electrode/electrolyte exposure to atmosphere as well as mechanical deformations for the case of flexible systems. In this study, we suggest an all-transparent stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor device with ultrastable performance, which consists of Au/Ag core–shell nanowire-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bistacked WO3 nanotube/PEDOT:PSS, and polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based hydrogel electrolyte. Au/Ag core–shell nanowire-embedded PDMS integrated with PAAm-based hydrogel electrolyte prevents Ag oxidation and dehydration while maintaining ionic and electrical conductivity at high voltage even after 16 days of exposure to ambient conditions and under application of mechanical strains in both tensile and bending conditions. WO3 nanotube/PEDOT:PSS bistacked active materials maintain high electrochemical–electrochromic performance even under mechanical deformations. Maximum specific capacitance of 471.0 F g–1 was obtained with a 92.9% capacity retention even after 50 000 charge–discharge cycles. In addition, high coloration efficiency of 83.9 cm2 C–1 was shown to be due to the dual coloration and pseudocapacitor characteristics of the WO3 nanotube and PEDOT:PSS thin layer.

A leaf vein-like hierarchical silver grids transparent electrode towards high-performance flexible electrochromic smart windows

“…As evident from Fig. 6f, after 2 Â 10 5 s test in the aforementioned three-electrode system, almost no change was observed at optical contrast (from 53% to 52%), indicating high cycling stability of the ECD at the bleached and colored state, which is comparable to the previous reported works as shown in Table S1 (online) [37][38][39].…”

Recent Progress in Transparent Conductors Based on Nanomaterials: Advancements and Challenges

“…Their transparent stretchable and planar supercapacitor (TSPS) exhibited excellent transparency of 84.7% and a specific capacitance of 0.53 mF cm − 2. Ag–Au core–shell NW with PDMS and PEDOT:PSS was investigated by Yun et al, using an electrospinning and drop coating fabrication technique 95. This composite showed a stretchability of 80% and was implemented a dual electrochromic capability allowing reversible coloration from a transparent state of ≈70% transmittance to a colored state even under bending.…”

Stretchable Supercapacitors as Emergent Energy Storage Units for Health Monitoring Bioelectronics

“…[190,191] For instance, a stretchable supercapacitor based on CNT film electrode was developed to power a watch band, as shown in Figure 9a. [192] Attributed to the dual coloration and pseudocapacitive characteristics of PEDOT:PSS/WO 3 electrodes, the electrochromic wearable patch device enabled stable electrochemical properties even under repeated stretching-bending cycles. After being charged to 4 V, supercapacitors in serial or parallel could successfully power a commercial electronic watch.…”

“…For supercapacitor with electrochromic property, the colors of electrodes vary under different voltages, Adv. [192] Copyright 2019, American Chemistry Society. 2020, 10, 1902769 Figure 9.…”