Allelic diversity at the primate Mhc-G locus: Exon 3 bears stop codons in all Cercophitecinae sequences

Castro, María José; Morales, Pedro Pablo; Fernández-Soria, V.; Suárez, Belén; Recio, María J.; Álvarez, Mena; Martín-Villa, José Manuel; Arnaiz‐Villena, Antonio

doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(97)85905-6

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the HLA-G molecules do not show the three hypervariable regions at the peptide binding site like other HLA antigen-presenting molecules. Studies in primates also show that polymorphism is restricted, indicating the presence of selective forces to maintain invariance during at least the past 50 million years [35,42]. However, an antigenpresenting role for MHC-G molecules is not discarded [43,44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of HLA-E and -G DNA alleles for population and disease studies

Gómez-Casado¹,

Martı́nez-Laso²,

Castro³

et al. 1999

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

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HLA-E and -G genes show a restricted polymorphism encoding for molecules whose variability is limited at the peptide binding site. Fourteen alleles that give rise to only three productive proteins for HLA-G (*0101, *0103 and *0104) and five alleles with three different proteins for HLA-E (*0101, *0102 and *0103) have been described. Expression of these molecules is low and found in many tissues for HLA-E: HLA-G protein is expressed in extravillous trophoblast cells and thymic epithelium. Molecular studies have shown how HLA-G and HLA-E bind to natural killer (NK) cells immunoglobulin and lectin-type inhibitory receptors. HLA-E may act as a sentinel of the cell; if classical class I and HLA-G are being expressed, HLA-E molecules may reach the cell surface and inhibit the lysis by NK cells. Most findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-E and -G proteins may be tolerogenic molecules at either the T-cell receptor (TcR) (inflammation, graft rejection) or NK level, switching off cells which usually attack foreign (including foetus) or self (autoimmune) antigens. A low HLA-E and -G polymorphism is observed in humans, and their allele frequencies are mostly homogeneous in the populations tested so far. Many studies to detect these alleles are now being performed in isolated populations and also in pregnancy-associated pathologies. In the present paper, standard and detailed techniques to detect HLA-E and -G DNA polymorphism are reported and discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of HLA-E and -G DNA alleles for population and disease studies

Gómez-Casado¹,

Martı́nez-Laso²,

Castro³

et al. 1999

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…pygmaeus, Popy), gibbons (Hylobates lar, Hyla), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, Mamu), and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus, Saoe) were used for exon 2 and 3 and intron 2 DNA sequencing. Epstein-Barr (EB) virus cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Rockville, MD) or were a gift by P. Parham or D. Watkins [12]. EB cell lines from four unrelated individuals of Saguinus oedipus were used: 3F1-10, 5H5, and 74E7 from D. Watkins and B95-8 from ATCC.…”

Section: Ape Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5) [12]. It seems that these monkeys may manage only with a MHC-G ␣1 domain or without MHC-G, the function of which may be substituted by other molecules [12].…”

Section: Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the MHC-C locus seems to exist in New World monkeys, and this suggests that they all may have a KIR system [20] that has been present at least since 135 million years ago [12]. Because New World monkeys separated from the Old World line of apes, including orangutan (earliest primate with MHC-C described molecules) [11] about 40 million years ago, it is likely that all New World monkeys also have a KIR/MHC-C immune regulation system.…”

Section: Kir and Mhc Class I Coevolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this coevolution shows atypical features: 1) MHC-G molecules have a different kind of molecule for each primate species [10]; 2) MHC-C molecules have been found in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) but not in all individuals (which does not mean they do not have it [11]). Because New World monkeys separated from Old World monkeys about 40 million years ago [6,12] and NK KIR have existed since about 135 million years ago, it is striking that no New World monkey MHC-C equivalent has been found. Here we address this unusual species-specific evolution of MHC-G molecules related to MHC-C and NK lymphocyte inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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