Alleviating the toxicity concerns of antibacterial cinnamon‐polycaprolactone biomaterials for healthcare‐related biomedical applications

Abstract

Fibrous constructs with incorporated cinnamon‐extract have previously been shown to have potent antifungal abilities. The question remains to whether these constructs are useful in the prevention of bacterial infections in fiber form and what the antimicrobial effects means in terms of toxicity to the native physiological cells. In this work, cinnamon extract containing poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers were successfully manufactured by pressurized gyration and had an average size of ∼2 μm. Cinnamon extract containing PCL fibers were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis bacterial species to assess their antibacterial capacity; it was found that these fibers were able to reduce viable cell numbers of the bacterial species up to two orders of magnitude lower than the control group. The results of the antibacterial tests were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The constructs were also tested under indirect MTT tests where they showed little to no toxicity, similar to the control groups. Additionally, cell viability fluorescent imaging displayed no significant toxicity issues with the fibers, even at their highest tested concentration. Here we present a viable method for the production the non‐toxic and naturally abundant cinnamon extracted fibers for numerous biomedical applications.

Antimicrobial Biomaterial on Sutures, Bandages and Face Masks with Potential for Infection Control

“…Iodine is a iodophor, which is most stable in form of “smart” triiodide species [ 34 , 36 , 41 , 42 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. TCA, its derivatives and related AV bioconstituents, especially cinnamic acid, aloin, acemannan, aloe-emodin, pyrogallol, hesperidine, aloesin, 10-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-aloenin and rhein increased biological activities due to their synergistic mechanisms [ 36 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 98 , 99 ]. TCA and its hydroxycinnamic derivates in AV have abilities to permeate cell membranes of Gram-positive pathogens, resulting in cell membrane disruptions and changes [ 46 ].…”

“…Such bioactive secondary plant metabolites are the reason for the use of medicinal plants, herbs and spices throughout centuries [ 46 , 47 ]. Phenolic acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and other compounds are used as antimicrobial agents in an increasing number of investigations [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Sutures, bandages and wound dressings incorporating phytochemicals are promising alternatives to conventional treatment options due to targeted, on-site drug delivery [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

“…Hydroxycinnamic acids are phytochemicals, which exert inhibitory action on a wide range of pathogens [ 46 , 47 , 55 , 56 ]. Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) is a potent inhibitor of microbial proliferation [ 39 , 46 , 47 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. TCA is abundantly available in the plant kingdom [ 46 , 47 ].…”

An Optimally Designed Engineering Exosome–Reductive COF Integrated Nanoagent for Synergistically Enhanced Diabetic Fester Wound Healing

“…In the case of L929 cells, the cell viability of PCOF, E‐Exo, and PCOF@E‐Exo was measured by both standard methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and AlamarBlue assays. [ 46 ] In comparison with the PBS group, even the PCOF@E‐Exo formulation under MIC value with treatment did not decrease cell viability (exceeded 85%) (Figure S30a, Supporting Information). Also, the L929 cells maintained high cell survival rates of more than 80% after 24 h incubation with the different dosages of formulations, suggesting a greatly reduced cytotoxicity (Figure S30b, Supporting Information).…”

Manufacturing Cyclodextrin Fibers Using Water

“…The pressurized gyration produced cyclodextrin fibers overall did not have uniaxial alignment as part of their inherent morphology, which is usually seen with gyration produced fibers. [35,46] This is likely due to the method in which they were collected, which has a large influence on their alignment; air blown from the heat gun could have attributed to the random alignment of the fibers and also a reduction of fiber diameter uniformity. [33] The topography of the fibers showed a smooth surface, devoid of surface pores, due to the fact that a non-volatile solvent was used in the spinning process.…”