Allozyme variations in six natural populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Turkey

Abstract

Genetic variation in six natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined with isoenzyme analyses. For this purpose, haploid female gametophytes of seeds and horizontal starch gel electrophoresis technique were used. A total of 17 loci and 58 alleles were observed in studying 10 enzyme systems. The average proportion of polymorphic loci for populations ranged from 58.8% to 70.6%. The average number of alleles per locus per population was 2.65. The mean estimated expected heterozygosity (He) of populations was 0.294. A rather high proportion of genetic diversity (96.4%) was due to within-population variation and the remaining (3.6%) was due to variation among populations. The level of gene flow (Nem) was found to be 6.69 per generation. Nei's genetic distance coefficient ranged from 0.006 to 0.027 (mean 0.017) among all possible population pairs. The mean value of Nei's genetic distance is similar to the values reported for other European Scots pine populations. The low mean value of Nei's genetic distance among populations is enough to explain low interpopulation variation. According to genetic variation parameters, three out of six populations (Akdagmadeni-Yozgat, Refahiye-Erzincan and Vezirkopru-Samsun) appear to be preferable populations for genetic conservation and forest tree breeding programs.

Distance between south-European and south-west Asiatic refugial areas involved morphological differentiation: Pinus sylvestris case study

“…3, 5), which have not been biometrically documented till now. The pattern of morphological differentiation in the Anatolian populations of P. sylvestris is similar to those already described using isozyme variation (Bilgen and Kaya 2007). The isolation of the eastern from western Anatolian populations of P. sylvestris can be explained by the mountain ranges known as the ''Anatolian diagonal''.…”

“…Pyhäjärvi et al (2007) have lately shown significant differences between Turkish and Spanish Scots pine populations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Conversely, a low level of genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.014) among several populations from Turkey was shown on the basis of isoenzymes (Turna 2003;Bilgen and Kaya 2007). The degree of population differentiation in Bulgaria revealed by cpDNA was not very high (F ST = 0.048) (Naydenov et al 2005).…”

“…1; Table 1). Following published data on the genetic and morphological differentiation of P. sylvestris (Sinclair et al 1999;Soranzo et al 2000;Turna 2003;Labra et al 2006;Bilgen and Kaya 2007;Pyhäjärvi et al 2007Pyhäjärvi et al , 2008Naydenov et al 2005Naydenov et al , 2007Prus-Glowacki et al 2003, Prus-Glowacki et al 2012Turna and Güney 2009;Belletti et al 2012), material was gathered from the Iberian Peninsula (IP), the Massif Central (MC), the Balkan Peninsula (BAL), Anatolia (AN) and the Crimea (CR). These five regions were treated as separate refugial areas of P. sylvestris in the subsequent comparisons.…”

Morphological and anatomical differentiation in peripheral Pinus sylvestris L. populations from the Carpathian region

“…Our hypothesis is that natural populations in the refugial areas, in addition to possessing imprints of historical events, are also distinctive due to adaptations to different habitat extremes on the periphery. This hypothesis is supported by studies performed on populations from Central and Northern Europe, the Balkans, Iberia, and Anatolia (Staszkiewicz, 1961;Tobolski & Hanover, 1971;Mejnartowicz, 1979;Prus-Glowacki & Stephan, 1994;Alía et al, 2001;Prus-Głowacki et al, 2003;Turna, 2003;Labra et al, 2006;Bilgen & Kaya, 2007;Pyhäjärvi et al, 2007;Semiz et al, 2007;Dzialuk et al, 2009;Jasińska et al, 2014). Based on these works, it can be concluded that populations in refugial areas display not only 'geographic marks', but also genetic differences and differentiation at the phenotypic level.…”

Determination of Genetic Variation Between Populations of Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana Mattf According to Some Seed Characteristics

“…al., 2010;Şevik, 2010), isosymes analysis (Bilgen and Kaya, 2007;Turna, 2003) and DNA markers (Clark et. al., 2000;Goldstein, 1995 Shea (1990) reported that the variation among the populations is small (1,3%) but significant in Abies Lasiocarpa.…”