Alterations in body composition, capillary glucose and functionality during explosive strength training in older women

Villada, Jhon Fredy Ramírez; Ariza, Henry Humberto León; Jiménez, Alveiro Sánchez; Sepúlveda, Celia Mónica

doi:10.1515/ijdhd-2015-0011

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, COP can be considered as a representative variable in gait analysis that influences older adults' functionality, as shown by Cadore et al (6), who reported an improvement in gait ability after a training period, as the average ability increased from 4% to 50%. Furthermore, other studies (41)(42)(43)(44)(45) have reported that in this population the risk of falls drops by up to 50% as there is less displacement of the COP during gait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that physical activity programs combining low impact exercises and resistance exercises help maintaining functional capacity in older adults.Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic training program involving both impact and explosive exercises on gait parameters of women aged 60 and above.Materials and methods: 60 physically active women (64.08±3.98 years) were divided into 2 groups: those training in a pool by performing series of jumps, i.e., the experimental group (EG= 35), and the control group (CG=35). EG participants trained 3 times per week during 32 weeks in an hour per session basis. Body composition measurements, explosive strength, and gait parameters (in a 6 meters long track) were assessed using the center of pressure (COP) indicator before and after participating in the training program.Results: When comparing both groups, differences in explosive strength and power (EG vs. CG; p values=from 0.05 to 001) were observed, as well as changes in gait parameters related to the COP (EG vs. CG: p = 0.05-001), in particular EG participants had significant and positive changes.Conclusion: The aquatic training program described here produced an increase in muscle strength and muscle power, thus gait parameters were improved. Bearing this in mind, an improved availability of similar programs for older adults should be considered, since their participation in these programs could help them improve their functional capacity, and, thus, their quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women

et al. 2019

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“…Of the three studies assessing total lean and fat mass by DXA, two studies failed to demonstrate any improvement [ 52 , 59 ] and one study showed that in the group with a plyometric component, fat mass decreased (– 5.4% [– 1.7 ± 2.0 kg], ES 0.28, p < 0.01) more than in a non-exercising control group ( p < 0.001) but similarly to that of another group that completed non-plyometric exercises [ 60 ]. Interestingly, the study by Ramírez Villada et al [ 62 ] showed that the percentage of muscle mass increased when calculated by body composition equations (+ 5.2% [+ 1.9], ES 0.48, p < 0.05) but did not observe any effect on absolute skinfold measurements measured by Holtain callipers. Regarding quadriceps thickness, one study showed an increase (+ 2.1% [+ 106 mm 2 ], ES 0.12), which was the same as in the comparative exercise group [ 67 ], and the results of another study were unclear [ 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The body composition category includes assessments of either whole-body masses (four studies [ 52 , 59 , 60 , 62 ]) or thickness of quadriceps muscles (two studies [ 63 , 67 ]). Of the three studies assessing total lean and fat mass by DXA, two studies failed to demonstrate any improvement [ 52 , 59 ] and one study showed that in the group with a plyometric component, fat mass decreased (– 5.4% [– 1.7 ± 2.0 kg], ES 0.28, p < 0.01) more than in a non-exercising control group ( p < 0.001) but similarly to that of another group that completed non-plyometric exercises [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jump performance was usually assessed on a force plate and was reported in five studies [ 52 , 62 – 64 , 66 ]. In an 11-week study, hopping training improved jump height ( p < 0.01) in older men by decreasing the contact time ( p < 0.05) and increasing the ground reaction force ( p < 0.01) and reactive strength index ( p < 0.01) [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a study comparing three exercise modalities found improved counter-movement jump height (+ 25%, p < 0.05) in older women whose training included plyometric jumps in comparison with women in traditional resistance training and power training groups ( p < 0.05) [ 63 ]. Lastly, another study reported significant improvements in explosive strength measured by the subjects’ response to various types of jumps (e.g., height of countermovement jump with arm swing improved by 30% [+ 4.5 cm], ES 1.17, p < 0.05) in training groups that included jump training [ 62 ]. Therefore, according to the principle of specificity, it is not surprising that jumping exercises have a large impact on jump performance, especially compared with other types of training that are not task specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Efficacy and Safety of Lower-Limb Plyometric Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe aging process is associated with a progressive decline of neuromuscular function, increased risk of falls and fractures, impaired functional performance, and loss of independence. Plyometric training may mitigate or even reverse such age-related deterioration; however, little research on the effects of plyometric exercises has been performed in older adults.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of plyometric training in older adults.MethodsPapers reporting on randomized trials of plyometric training in older adults (≥ 60 years) and published up to December 2017 were sought in the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A narrative synthesis of the findings is presented in this systematic review.ResultsOf the 2236 identified papers, 18 were included in the review, reporting on 12 different studies with a mean PEDro score of 6.0 (range 4–7). Altogether, 289 subjects (176 females and 113 males) were included in 15 intervention groups with plyometric components (n = 8–36 per group); their mean age ranged from 58.4 to 79.4 years. The plyometric training lasted from 4 weeks to 12 months. Muscular strength, bone health, body composition, postural stability, and jump and physical performance were the most often reported outcomes. No study reported increased occurrence of injuries or other adverse events related to plyometric exercises.ConclusionPlyometric training is a feasible and safe training option with potential for improving various performance, functional, and health-related outcomes in older persons.

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Effects of plyometric training on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Deng,

Soh,

Abdullah

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Plyometric training (PT) is an effective training method for improving physical fitness among trained individuals; however, its impact on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants remains ambiguous. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness among untrained participants. Six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched until March 2024. We included controlled trials that examined the effects of PT on health-related physical fitness indices in untrained participants. Twenty-one studies were eligible, including a total of 1263 participants. Our analyses revealed small to moderate effects of PT on body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility (ES = 0.27–0.61; all p > 0.05). However, no significant effects were detected for body fat percentage and lean mass (ES = 0.21–0.41; all p > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that PT may be potentially effective in improving health-related physical fitness indices (i.e., body mass index, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility) in untrained participants. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to data limitations in some fitness variables.

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Alterations in body composition, capillary glucose and functionality during explosive strength training in older women

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women

The Efficacy and Safety of Lower-Limb Plyometric Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Effects of plyometric training on health-related physical fitness in untrained participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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