Alterations in Small Intestine and Liver Morphology, Immunolocalization of Leptin, Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 as Well as Immunoexpression of Tight Junction Proteins in Intestinal Mucosa after Gastrectomy in Rat Model

Abstract

The stomach is responsible for the processing of nutrients as well as for the secretion of various hormones which are involved in many activities throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental adult male Wistar rats (n = 6) underwent a modified gastrectomy, while control rats (n = 6) were sham-operated. After six weeks, changes in small intestine (including histomorphometrical parameters of the enteric nervous plexuses) and liver morphology, immunolocalization of leptin, ghrelin and nesfatin-1 as well as proteins forming adherens and tight junctions (E-cadherin, zonula occludens-1, occludin, marvelD3) in intestinal mucosa were evaluated. A number of effects on small intestine morphology, enteric nervous system ganglia, hormones and proteins expression were found, showing intestinal enteroplasticity and neuroplasticity associated with changes in gastrointestinal tract condition. The functional changes in intestinal mucosa and the enteric nervous system could be responsible for the altered intestinal barrier and hormonal responses following gastrectomy. The results suggest that more complicated regulatory mechanisms than that of compensatory mucosal hypertrophy alone are involved.

Modern Hybrid Rye, as an Alternative Energy Source for Broiler Chickens, Improves the Absorption Surface of the Small Intestine Depending on the Intestinal Part and Xylanase Supplementation

“…Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the tissue slices according to a previously described protocol [ 25 ]. Heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed using a pressure cooker Rapid Cook (Morphy Richards, Swinton, UK) in sodium citrate buffer (10 mM sodium citrate, 0.05% Tween 20, pH 6.0).…”

The Effect of Supplementation with β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric Acid (HMB) to Pregnant Sows on the Mucosal Structure, Immunolocalization of Intestinal Barrier Proteins, VIP and Leptin in the Large Intestine in their Offspring

“…The intensity of immunoexpression was measured by determining the number or percentage of cells with a positive response (Ki67, CD3, T0 cells, caspase 3) and by the quantitative comparison of mean pixel intensity in the photomicrographs (VIP, claudin-3, Ecadherin, occludin, leptin), which were first converted into negatives and then into grey-scale 8-bit digital images, with a scale from 0 (white pixel) to 255 (black pixel), where the higher the pixel value, the higher the intensity of the immunohistochemical reaction. The intensity of the immunoreaction in each of the analyzed digital images was measured in 10 randomly selected areas of the positive signal (Puzio et al, 2021).…”

Changes in the Intestinal Histomorphometry, the Expression of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins, and the Bone Structure and Liver of Pre-Laying Hens Following Oral Administration of Fumonisins for 21 Days

“…The C-3 sections were then developed in 3,3 -diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB D5905; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); ZO-1 sections were developed using 3,3 -diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride with a metal enhancer (SIGMAFAST™ DAB D0426; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), both used as chromogens for 15 min at room temperature. Counterstaining was performed with Mayer's hematoxylin (MHS32-1L; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) or Nuclear Fast Red counterstain (H-24-2; Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) [55,56]. Microscopic slides were observed in brightfield (Goldner's trichrome, immunohistochemistry) and cross-polarized light (PRS) using a CX43 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) microscope at the following magnifications: x2.5, x20, and x40.…”

“…The intensity of the immunoreaction (grey or brown color, depending on the staining) was measured by the quantitative comparison of the mean pixel intensity value in the photomicrographs converted using ImageJ into 8-bit, grey-scale images, with the scale from 0 (white pixel) to 255 (black pixel); the lower the pixel value, the higher the intensity of immunohistochemical reaction [56,60]. The intensity of the immunoreaction in each of the analyzed digital images was measured in 10 randomly selected areas of the positive signal.…”