Modern Hybrid Rye, as an Alternative Energy Source for Broiler Chickens, Improves the Absorption Surface of the Small Intestine Depending on the Intestinal Part and Xylanase Supplementation

Abstract

The current study investigated the effects of the inclusion of modern hybrid rye (Brasetto variety) to a corn–wheat-based diet, with or without xylanase, on the absorptive surface of the small intestine of broilers. A total of 224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups with seven replicate cages of eight birds/replicate. A 2 × 2 factorial study design was used, with rye inclusion (0% or 20%) and xylanase supplementation (0 or 200 mg/kg of feed) as factors. Inclusion of rye increased duodenal and ileal crypt depth, villi height, the villus-to-crypt ratio and absorption surface area (p < 0.05), and ileal mucosa thickness and crypt width (p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation attenuated the effects of rye in the duodenum and ileum and decreased the villi height and villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Rye and xylanase had no effect on the spatial distribution of claudin 3 and ZO-1 protein, but xylanase supplementation reduced the amount of claudin 3 in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 20% inclusion of modern hybrid rye to the diets of broilers improved the structure of the duodenum and ileum, but these effects were attenuated by xylanase supplementation.

Effects of Anticoccidial Vaccination and Taraxacum officinale Extract on the Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Immunity, and Intestinal Morphology of Eimeria-Challenged Chickens

“…For histological analysis, two 20-mm sections were collected from the duodenum (2 cm behind the gizzard), jejunum (from the midpoint of this intestinal segment), and ileum (5 cm before the ceca). These were preserved in 10% formalin, following standard histological procedures as previously described [ 30 ]. After a 24-h fixation period, tissue samples were washed with tap water, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 4 μm sections (Microm HM 360, Microm, Walldorf, Germany).…”

“…The jejunum tissue slices were utilized for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, following a protocol previously described [ 30 ]. To label tight junctions (TJs), rabbit polyclonal antiZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) antibody (orb11587, Biorbyt, St. Louis, MO, USA) and rabbit polyclonal anticlaudin 3 antibody (AB15102; Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used as the primary antibodies.…”

Dietary Alpha-Ketoglutarate Partially Abolishes Adverse Changes in the Small Intestine after Gastric Bypass Surgery in a Rat Model

“…The tight junction (TJ) proteins (claudin 3, Marvel D3 (MD3), occludin, zonula occludens 1 (Zo-1) and the cellular proliferation marker protein Ki-67) were evaluated according to the modified protocol previously described [ 34 ]. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on deparaffinized sections of the small intestine.…”

Effect of replacing whole wheat with broken rye as a sustainable grain in diets of fattening turkeys on growth performance, litter quality, and foot pad health

“…The cost of feed accounts for as much as 50%−70 % of poultry production (1,2). Due to the ongoing rise in the price of feed ingredients, producers are being forced to reconsider how best to allocate their resources for feeding efficiency (3,4). Additionally, the International Feed Industry Federation (5) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (6) predict that by 2050 the production of livestock will have doubled.…”