Alterations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression in RAW264.7 cell damage induced by two samples of PM_2.5 with different compositions

Abstract

Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been demonstrated by previous studies to be associated with cell damage. To explore the impact of the composition of PM2.5 on PM2.5-mediated inflammation, this study investigated the composition of PM2.5 collected during the wintertime indoor heating season and observed its inflammatory effect. Samples were collected during the heating season from December 5, 2017, to January 8, 2018, in Xi’an. Compositions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble ions were analysed. Two representative samples (sample 1 and 2) were selected with significant differences in compositions. They were configured into four concentrations (0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL) and used as interventions on RAW264.7 cells for 4 h and 24 h separately. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene and protein expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results showed that the cell viability of sample 1 intervened cells at 4 h and 24 h was lower than that of sample 2. IL-1β gene in most PM2.5 intervention groups was lower than in the control group. Protein expression was higher at 4 h than at 24 h. In conclusion, PM2.5 components influence cell viability and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, while high concentrations of NO3−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and others in the PM2.5 composition have a significant harmful effect.

Fermented Sprouts of Codonopsis lanceolata Suppress LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and CD1 Mice

“…The mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) [ 33 ]. F-CSA pretreatment and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were dissolved using RNAiso plus to extract total RNA.…”

Physicochemical, Pre-Clinical, and Biological Evaluation of Viscosity Optimized Sodium Iodide-Incorporated Paste

“…The diluted extracts with concentrations of 12.5% and 25% were chosen for further experiments due to their observed safety in terms of cytotoxicity. To evaluate the effect of materials on stimulating osteoclast activity in bone resorption, RAW 264.7 cells, a wellknown macrophage cell line with the capacity of active osteoclast differentiation in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factors κB ligand (RANKL), were used [27]. Briefly, cells were seeded at a density of 2 × 10 4 cells/well in an uncoated 24-well plate (SPL Life Sciences) in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, high glucose, with L D-glucose, L-glutamine, and sodium pyruvate, Welgen) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% PS at 37 • C for 24 h. Next, the media was replaced with diluted extracts of either 12.5 or 25% concentration containing osteoclast differentiation supplements, including 50 ng/mL RANKL (Peprotech, Middlesex County, NJ, USA), 10 ng/mL M-CSF (Peprotech), and 1 ng/mL TGF-β2 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).…”

Differential Pattern of Cell Death and ROS Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Quinones Combined with Heated-PM2.5 and/or Asian Sand Dust

“…Several studies in Xi’an have examined the negative effects of ambient air pollutants on various outcomes, including mortality and respiratory diseases [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, few studies have focused on specific hazards associated with certain PM2.5 components and their influence on inflammatory processes and oxidative stress [ 6 ]. In the atmosphere, PAHs are converted to nitro-PAHs, which are more mutagenic and carcinogenic than PAHs because they contain nitrogen molecules.…”