Altered Blood-Nerve Barrier Permeability to Small Molecules in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

Rechthand, Emanuel; Smith, Quentin R.; Latker, Carole H.; Rapoport, Stanley I.

doi:10.1097/00005072-198705000-00006

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, VEGF could increase vascular permeability by a direct effect on tight junctions [9]. Tight junction proteins, including occludin and zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1), which reside at the cell border and contribute to the formation of paracellular permeability, were also detected in the lateral wall of the cochlea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disruption of the bloodÁretinal barrier is commonly found in humans and animals with DM. However, studies on bloodÁbrain barrier (BBB) permeability in animal models of diabetes have yielded variable results, with some investigators reporting increased permeability [8], and others reporting no change [9]. The bloodÁlabyrinth barrier (BLB) is similar to the BBB; however, there is little evidence in vivo as to whether the change of BLB permeability also occurs in diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS is increased in cochlea of diabetic rat

Liu

Xia

2008

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of VEGF, iNOS, and eNOS is increased in cochlea of diabetic rat

Liu

Xia

2008

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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“…;focin-induced -diabetes when it is probed with 'macromolecdlar tracers (19,40). However, in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, increased paracellular permeability to radiolabelled mannitol is detectable after nine months of diabetes (75). A preliminary report (89) suggests that no such increase in paracellular permeability to small molecular weight tracers occurs even after 11 months of galactose intoxication.…”

Section: No Cliauge In Pernicability Eiidotieirrial Edciiiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Blood-Nerve Barrier in Experimental Nerve Edema

Mizisin¹,

Kalichman

Myers

et al. 1990

Toxicol Pathol

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Nerve edema is a common response to the nerve injury seen in many peripheral neuropathies and is an important component of Wallerian degeneration. However, independent pathologic effects of nerve edema that aggravate or induce nerve injury extend the role of edema beyond that of an epiphenomenon of injury. New insights into the mechanism and impact of nerve edema come largely from animal models. In the following review, we discuss the cause and consequences of nerve edema with particular reference to endoneurial fluid pressure and its relevance to the nerve microenvironment. Experimental models of nerve edema include conditions with increased vascular permeability such as lead poisoning, experimental allergic neuritis, and murine globoid leukodystrophy. Increased perineurial permeability induced by local anesthetics and neurolytic drugs can also induce nerve edema sufficient to increase endoneurial fluid pressure. Both perineurial and vascular permeability are increased after damage induced by crush, freeze, or laser injury. One of the most important forms of nerve edema is induced by external compression; the significance of this change is that edema has local compressive effects that persist after the external pressure has been relaxed. Nerve edema and increased endoneurial fluid pressure also occur in conditions in which vascular permeability appears to be unchanged such as experimental diabetic neuropathy and in hexachlorophene intoxication. In both of these conditions, reduced nerve blood flow has been demonstrated in rats and is viewed as a consequence of increased endoneurial fluid pressure. Whatever its mechanism, endoneurial edema has important structural and functional consequences for nerve fibers. A clear understanding of the underlying pathology ofthe nerve microenvironment may provide useful insights into treatment ofclinical neuropathies.

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“…It is known that increased vascular permeability is related to diabetic retinopathy [18], although it is controversial whether BBB permeability is increased in the cerebral microvessels of diabetic animals [19][20][21]. Cationized ferritin (CF) is used as a marker for evaluating endothelial glycocalyx, a surface layer lining the endothelial cells as a transport barrier [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%