Altered polyphenol metabolism in the foliage of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> associated with European pine sawfly attack

Thielges, B. A.

doi:10.1139/b68-098

Cited by 37 publications

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“…Attacks by insects resulted in modifications of the metabolism of polyphenols (Wagner, 1988). Indeed, Thielges (1968) (Auger et al, 1991). T was previously known to have an antigrowth activity towards insects (Elliger et al, 1980 Therefore, whereas the aglycon form is known to be the most active, it seems that the enzymatic regulation in needles between the 2 forms (T and TG) could play a major role in the resistance of several pine clones towards Diprion attacks, depending on clonal and environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different chemomorphs were determined with flavonoids including quantitative variations of flavonols and proanthocyanidins (Laracine-Pittet and Lebreton, 1988) and the absence or presence of taxifolin and its inheritance were studied (Lebreton et al, 1990; Yazdani and Lebreton, 1991). Furthermore, toxic effects of different clones against insect attacks have been related to the polyphenolic content of the foliage (Thielges, 1968). Indeed, phenolic compounds are often involved in defence mechanisms (Lunderstädt, 1976;Harborne, 1985) and can be regulated by enzymes (Rhodes and Wooltorton, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative variations of taxifolin and its glucoside in Pinus sylvestris needles consumed by Diprion pini larvae

Auger¹,

Jay-Allemand²,

Bastien³

et al. 1994

Ann. For. Sci.

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Summary — The relationships between quantitative variations of 2 flavanonols in Scots pine needles and Diprion pini larvae mortality were studied. Those 2 compounds were characterized as taxifolin (T) and its glucoside (TG) after hydrolysis and analysis by TLC, HPLC and spectrophotometry. Quantitative differences between 30 clones were more important for TG than for T, nevertheless clones which presented a content of taxifolin higher than 1.5 mg g -1 DW showed a T/TG ratio equal to or greater than 0.5 (fig 2). Quantitative changes were also observed throughout the year. The amount of taxifolin peaked in autumn as those of its glucoside decreased (fig 3). Darkness also induced a gradual increase of T but no significant effect on TG (fig 4). Storage of twigs during feeding tests and insect defoliation both induced a strong glucosilation of taxifolin in needles (table I). High rates of mortality of Diprion pini larvae were associated with the presence of T and TG both in needles and faeces ( (fig 3). De même, l'effet de l'obscurité sur les rameaux provoque une

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative variations of taxifolin and its glucoside in Pinus sylvestris needles consumed by Diprion pini larvae

Auger¹,

Jay-Allemand²,

Bastien³

et al. 1994

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Nevertheless, quantitative defenses generally accumulate slowly in plant tissues: as in oaks it may be weeks before concentrations reach deleterious levels (Thielges, 1968;Baltensweiler et al, 1977;Benz, 1977;Higgins et al, 1977;Niemala et al, 1979;Rhoades, , 1983Wallner and Walton, 1979;Davies and Schuster, 1981;McNaughton and Tarrants, 1983).…”

Section: Avoiding Defenses In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that systemic plant responses to insect attacks are triggered by signals released from wounded tissues (Thielges, 1968;Green and Ryan, 1972;Haukioja and Niemela, 1977;Niemela et al, 1979;Rhoades, 1979;McIntyre, 1980;Ryan, 1983;Tallamy, 1985). Recent studies of insect-induced proteinase inhibitors in tomato plants suggest that it is cell wall fragments from badly injured tissues that serve as inter-and intratissue messengers during insect attack (Ryan, 1978;Bishop et al, 1981;Ryan et al, 1982;Ryan, 1983).…”

Section: Mechanisms To Avoid Triggering Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

Brattsten¹,

Ahmad²

1987

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All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE Thanks to the meticulous and enthusiastic work of insect collectors and taxonomists over the past hundred years and more, we have today a large amount of information on the feeding habits and life styles of several hundred thousands of insect species.Insects that feed on plants during at least one of their life stages constitute about half of the three-quarters of a million described species. Their numbers both in terms of species and individuals together with their small but macroscopic sizes makes the insect-plant biological interface perhaps the most conspicuous, diverse and largest assemblage of intimate interspecies interactions in existence. It is also perhaps the most important biological interface because of the plants' role as primary producers upon which all other forms of earthly life depend, thereby bringing herbivorous insects occasionally into direct competition with human food and fiber production.Early enthusiasm revealed many remarkable specializations and associations between insects and plants, and occasionally assigned chemical mediators for them. However, the modern practices of large scale crop protection by synthetic pesticides and their attendant problems, particularly with resistance in "pests" and destruction of natural enemies, have been in large measure responsible for drawing our attention to the mechanisms whereby plants control insect populations and insects adapt to the plants' defenses.These practices have also brought home the importance of chemical mediators in practically all aspects of insect activities and, in particular, the importance of plant allelochemicals in maintaining and balancing insect-plant associations.There are about 20,000 identified allelochemicals to date, estimated to be between ten and 50 percent of all possible such non-nutrient chemicals.Most of these have biological activity, mostly uncharacterized, when accumulated in sufficiently high concentrations.Many are acutely toxic to insects and other animals. A few have been used successfully for insect control and as drugs; more importantly, however, plant allelochemicals continue to provide model structures for the development of synthetic insecticides and drugs.With the recent availability of high-resolution analytical instruments, natural history is rapidly turning into a modern, multidisciplinary biological science. The elucidation of the mechanisms which maintain the observed ecological equilibria in the insect-plant interface provide fascinating work and rich intellectual rewards. It is also necessary to understand these interactions for purposes of local food and fiber production, the premise being that understanding the molecular details of insect adaptations to plant allelochemicals may allow manipulations of those mechanisms for crop protec...

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“…Differences in responses in evergreens have been demonstrated to a lesser degree. The attack by Zeiraphera diniana induced a long-term response in Larix decidua (Baltensweiler et al, 1977), and the defoliation caused by Neodiprion sertifer altered the polyphenol content of Pinus sylvestris (Thielges, 1968). The other reports reveal damageinduced changes in phenols, tannins and proteins in P. ponderosa (Wagner & Evans, 1985) and differences in soluble tannins and monoterpene profiles in P. contorta (Leather et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies

Lyytikäinen

1992

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies. Accepted Oct. 2, 1991. Scand. J. For. Res. 7: 249-257, 1992 I tested the presence of rapid and delayed induced resistance in Pinus sylvestris L. by biotests, rearing three species of diprionid sawflies on defoliated and undefoliated trees. I damaged the pines artificially by cutting mature needles with scissors at the beginning of the growing season. Four levels of defoliation were created on the basis of levels of removed needle biomass. Sawfly larval and cocoon weights were retarded and relative growth rates delayed as a result of an increase in damage level. The larval periods were prolonged at most 2-6 days. The response to the damage was partly species-specific. The needle water content decreased in the following growing season in connection with low and moderate damage and increased at high damage levels. The nutrient contents of the foliage in the damaged and undamaged trees did not differ significantly. The Scots pine showed damage-induced changes in food quality after extensive defoliation, which affected, via plant, species using the same host.

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Altered polyphenol metabolism in the foliage of Pinus sylvestris associated with European pine sawfly attack

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative variations of taxifolin and its glucoside in Pinus sylvestris needles consumed by Diprion pini larvae

Quantitative variations of taxifolin and its glucoside in Pinus sylvestris needles consumed by Diprion pini larvae

Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Associations

The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies

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