Alternating matter motion in photoinduced mass transport driven and enhanced by light polarization in amorphous chalcogenide films

Trunov, M. L.; Lytvyn, P. M.; Dyachyns’ka, O. M.

doi:10.1063/1.3467046

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For p-p polarized beams, lateral mass-transport takes places altering the mechanism of SRG formation and, in turn, generates giant non-saturated SRGs. Consequently, polarized light induced effects of SRG formation by holographic recording in amorphous chalcogenides 3,6,[8][9][10]18 can be realized in the simplest material among ChG. This may lead to a better understanding of photoinduced mass-transport on ChG thus enabling the fabrication of photonic elements.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoinduced mass-transport based holographic recording of surface relief gratings in amorphous selenium films

Trunov

Lytvyn

Yannopoulos

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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Surface relief gratings formation in amorphous selenium thin films in two recording configurations with light intensity modulation were studied in situ by real-time atomic force microscopy and diffraction efficiency measurements. We report observation of mass transport effect in films induced by band-gap irradiation when the light polarization of the recording beams has a component along the light intensity gradient ("p-p" scheme of recording) that allows obtaining giant stable gratings in this versatile chalcogenide material. On the contrary, only a pure scalar weak grating caused by photoinduced volume shrinkage is obtained in the "s-s" recording configuration, even for long-term irradiation. Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are known to exhibit a rich variety of photoinduced changes when illuminated with near bandgap light including changes in mechanical properties, termed as photoplastic effects.1 Among them, the effect of light induced surface deformation and direct fabrication of surface relief gratings (SRGs) in ChG is intensively studied over the last decade both experimentally 2-10 and theoretically.11 Two main types of SRG induced by holographic recording, due to the excitation intensity modulation, with near band-gap light in ChG can be distinguished according to their formation mechanism and their properties:10 (1) small scalar SRG induced by either volume expansion or shrinkage due to different response of the material in the bright and dark zones of the interference pattern formed and (2) giant vectorial SRG induced by lateral mass transport in the case where the light polarization of the recording beams has a component along the light intensity gradient.Experiments have shown that only few compositions of ChG demonstrate both types of SRG. For example, vectorial SRG have been observed only for Se-rich films in the binary As-Se system (As 20 Se 80 ) 10 and for the compositions close to As 40 S 60 in As-S glasses 3 while scalar SRGs are common to all glass compositions of As-S and As-Se glasses. While for As-S glass the above observation (lack of vectorial SRG) could be accounted for by considering the photo-induced polymerization effect in S-rich compositions, 12 in the case of As-Se glasses the effect is not yet well understood. Although elemental amorphous Se (a-Se) is a model glass-former in chalcogenide science, no systematic studies of SRG formation have been carried out up to now, while investigations of other photoinduced effects abound. 13 A fact that perplexes studies of SRG formation relates to the photoinduced crystallization of a-Se (Ref. 14) under band-gap illumination, thus preventing the formation of advanced surface relief stable in time.Few papers report the formation of surface relief induced by holographic recording for a-Se films. 2,5,15 In an early study, Haro-Poniatowski et al.,15 employing phase conjugation, haveshown that small (20 nm in height) photoinduced surface relief gratings appears in 4 lm-thick films with the same spatial period. Slightly higher reliefs ($ 40 nm) formed a...

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Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pheomenological explanations of the light-induced mass transport effect in ChGs were given recently 3,18 based on the continuous creation of dipolar defects or other anisotropic structural units. In a-Se anisotropic units can be envisaged as branched Se chains through over-coordinated Se atoms.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced mass-transport based holographic recording of surface relief gratings in amorphous selenium films

Trunov

Lytvyn

Yannopoulos

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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“…direct light-induced fabrication of surface relief (SR) by lateral mass transport on ChG films, have been widely studied for several selected composition, including As 0.4 S 0.6 , As 0.2 Se 0.8 , Se [9][10][11][12] and appropriate mechanisms were proposed recently [13,14]. More detailed study reveals the influence of chalcogen content on this process.…”

Section: Aq1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron beam-induced mass transport in As–Se thin films: compositional dependence and glass network topological effects

Trunov

Cserháti

Lytvyn

et al. 2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Electron beam (e-beam)-induced changes of surface profile morphology in As c Se 1−c (0.2 < c < 0.5) thin films are investigated as a function of the film composition. It is shown that the extent and value of local surface alterations follow the composition-related changes of glass parameters such as softening temperature and glass network connectivity. The giant e-beam-induced surface relief changes detected in the films As 0.2 Se 0.8 are connected with lateral mass transport, which increases drastically near rigidity transition, i.e. at a coordination number r ∼ 2.2 of the glass structures when the rigidity starts to percolate through the structure. The model of the process, which reflects the compositional dependence of the stimulated mass transport, is presented.

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“…The material was selected as one of the most efficient for relief recordings among the large number of Se-and S-based glasses. 12,15 Just after the deposition, the films were illuminated by a focused Gaussian beam of a HeÀNe polarized laser (k ¼ 633 nm) with the waist of w % 8 lm and intensity distribution,…”

Section: à5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inversion of the direction of photo-induced mass transport in As20Se80 films: Experiment and theory

Kaganovskii

Beke

Charnovych

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Diffusion mass transfer in thin chalcogenide films under illumination by a focused Gaussian beam have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is demonstrated that depending on the light intensity, waist of the beam, and the film thickness, one can obtain formation of either hillocks or dips in the illuminated regions. By comparison of the kinetics of hillock or dip formation on a surface of As 20 Se 80 glass films with the results of our theoretical analysis, we have estimated the photo-induced diffusion coefficients, D, at various light intensities, I, and found D to be proportional to I (D ¼ bI), with b % 1.5 Â 10 À18 m 4

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Alternating matter motion in photoinduced mass transport driven and enhanced by light polarization in amorphous chalcogenide films

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Photoinduced mass-transport based holographic recording of surface relief gratings in amorphous selenium films

Photoinduced mass-transport based holographic recording of surface relief gratings in amorphous selenium films

Electron beam-induced mass transport in As–Se thin films: compositional dependence and glass network topological effects

Inversion of the direction of photo-induced mass transport in As20Se80 films: Experiment and theory

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