Alzheimer disease and risk of stroke

Fang, Nai; Chien, Li‐Nien; Ku, Hsiao Lun; Hu, Chaur Jong; Chiou, Hung Yi

doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31828250af

Cited by 114 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…28 Seventeen studies used multivariable-adjusted analysis, and 1 study used propensity score matching. 19 On a scale of 7, the overall quality of the studies was good (median score 5, range 3-6) ( Table 2). …”

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We excluded 87 because the association of baseline cognitive impairment and future stroke was not reported, 6 because most of the participants had a history of stroke at baseline, 3 because they were duplicate reports and 1 because no adjusted estimate was reported. 17 Our final primary analysis included 18 cohort studies [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] (Figure 1). Characteristics of the 18 included studies are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transient ischemic attacks were included as outcomes in 2 studies. Participants were derived from ordinary cohorts in 14 studies [18][19][20][22][23][24][25]27,[29][30][31][33][34][35] and clinical trials in 4. 21,26,28,32 Most of the studies were from North American or European countries.…”

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One was conducted in Taiwan, and 3 were an international collaboration. The samples ranged from 401 to 30 959 par ticipants, and the follow-up duration ranged Study* de Moraes et al 18 Chi et al 19 Glymour et al 24 Liebetrau et al 25 O'Donnell et al 26 (e) O'Donnell et al 26 (e1) O'Donnell et al 26 (f) Ostir et al 27 Pettigrew et al 28 (e) Pettigrew et al 28 (f) Reitz et al 29 Sabayan et al 30 (e) Sabayan et al 30 (f) Shipley et al 31 Skoog et al 32 Weinstein et al 33 Wiberg et al 34 from 2.6 to 21 years. All but one of the studies included both men and women; the remaining study included only men.…”

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten studies used the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess cognitive function, and 8 studies used other cognitive measures. Participants with a history of stroke were excluded in 12 studies; [18][19][20]22,24,25,27,29,30,[33][34][35] in the other studies, the proportion of participants with a history of stroke at baseline ranged from 4% 32 to 25%. 28 Seventeen studies used multivariable-adjusted analysis, and 1 study used propensity score matching.…”

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lee

Saver

Hong

et al. 2014

CMAJ

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C ognitive impairment is a major contributor to disability and dependence worldwide. Globally, stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability among adults and the second leading cause of death.1 The high cumulative risk of dementia or stroke or both conditions has been shown by the Framingham study, 2 and the urgent need to improve knowledge regarding cognition and vascular conditions has been emphasized in a specific meeting providing harmonized standards. 3Beyond their personal tolls, both of these conditions carry substantial social and economic burdens. These conditions also correlate strongly with increasing age. Given the projected substantial rise in the number of older people around the world, prevalence rates of cognitive impairment and stroke are expected to soar over the next several decades, especially in high-income countries. 4,5 Shared pathophysiologic mechanisms seem to exist between cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disease.6 Indeed, risk factors for stroke (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity and physical inactivity) have been shown to play a role in the onset and progression of cognitive impairment, 7 and it is well established that stroke itself increases the risk of future cognitive impairment. 8 However, whether cognitive impairment increases the risk of future stroke remains unclear. Early identification and regular surveillance for cognitive impairment could potentially enable prompt initiation of treatment aimed at not only potentially limiting further deterioration of cognitive function (if mild), but also possibly reducing the risk of future stroke through timely and optimal control of risk factors.Several published studies have assessed the association between cognitive impairment and subsequent risk of stroke, but the results have not been consistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the qualitative and quantitative association between baseline cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke. Methods Search strategyOur search strategy was based on the recommendations of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology group. 9 We searched MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to November Background: Several studies have assessed the link between cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke, but results have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to determine the association between cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke.

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Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Results and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lee

Saver

Hong

et al. 2014

CMAJ

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Shared genetic contribution to ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease

Traylor¹,

Adib-Samii²,

Harold³

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

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ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests epidemiological and pathological links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke (IS). We investigated the evidence that shared genetic factors underpin the two diseases.MethodsUsing genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data from METASTROKE + (15,916 IS cases and 68,826 controls) and the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP; 17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls), we evaluated known associations with AD and IS. On the subset of data for which we could obtain compatible genotype‐level data (4,610 IS cases, 1,281 AD cases, and 14,320 controls), we estimated the genome‐wide genetic correlation (rG) between AD and IS, and the three subtypes (cardioembolic, small vessel, and large vessel), using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We then performed a meta‐analysis and pathway analysis in the combined AD and small vessel stroke data sets to identify the SNPs and molecular pathways through which disease risk may be conferred.ResultsWe found evidence of a shared genetic contribution between AD and small vessel stroke (rG [standard error] = 0.37 [0.17]; p = 0.011). Conversely, there was no evidence to support shared genetic factors in AD and IS overall or with the other stroke subtypes. Of the known GWAS associations with IS or AD, none reached significance for association with the other trait (or stroke subtypes). A meta‐analysis of AD IGAP and METASTROKE + small vessel stroke GWAS data highlighted a region (ATP5H/KCTD2/ICT1) associated with both diseases (p = 1.8 × 10−8). A pathway analysis identified four associated pathways involving cholesterol transport and immune response.InterpretationOur findings indicate shared genetic susceptibility to AD and small vessel stroke and highlight potential causal pathways and loci. Ann Neurol 2016;79:739–747

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Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for neurodegenerative diseases

Luo

Han

2019

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), are incurable diseases characterized by progressive loss of cognitive or motor function, which construct a serious threat to the life quality of aging populations and their life spans. Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor. Apelin is reported to be detected not only in the cardiovascular system but also in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS).In addition, alterations in the expression level of apelin appear to play a pivotal role in various physiological processes including loss of structure or function of neurons, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, Ca 2+ signaling, apoptosis, and autophagy.All of these processes are intimately related to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, apelin is reported to improve cognitive impairment in PD by antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Hence, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that altering the level of apelin can change the course or dictate the outcome of neurodegenerative events such as AD, PD, and HD, suggesting that apelin could be a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases possibly acting on a variety of signaling pathways such as suppression of inflammatory responses, inhibition of oxidative stress, reduction of Ca 2+ signaling, induction of autophagy, and suppression of apoptosis.

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Alzheimer disease and risk of stroke

Abstract: Clinical diagnosis of AD is associated with considerably increased risk of stroke development.

Cited by 114 publications

References 33 publications

Cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cognitive impairment and risk of future stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shared genetic contribution to ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease

Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for neurodegenerative diseases

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