Ambient Temperature Gas Phase  CO 2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons at Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cells

Cook, Robert P.; MacDuff, Robert C.; Sammells, Anthony F.

doi:10.1149/1.2096030

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Because both of these processes result in a metal electrode that strongly interpenetrates the ionic polymer membrane, adhesion of the metal to the polymer is excellent. Also in 1988, Cook et al (9) and DeWulf and Bard (10) reported on a similar process in which copper was plated onto Nafion TM membranes by diffusion of copper ions from one compartment of a two-compartment cell through the membrane to a reducing agent on the other side. Again, the purpose of this copper-plated membrane was not to make an electromechanical actuator, but rather was to perform the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Chemical Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Manufacture and characterization of ionic polymer transducers employing non-precious metal electrodes

Bennett¹,

Leo

2003

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Ionic polymer membranes are commonly used in fuel cell power generation, water electrolysis and desalinization, chlorine generation, and other niche applications. Since the early 1990s ionic polymer membranes have also shown promise as distributed electromechanical actuators and sensors. The cost of these materials is very high because of the expensive noble metals that are used as the electrodes in these applications, however. Currently, high cost of these devices has prevented them from experiencing widespread use. The goal of the current research project is to study new methods of plating metal electrodes onto ionic polymer membranes in order to reduce the cost of these materials and open the door for potential industrial, aerospace, and biomedical applications.At this time ionic polymer actuators are only made using gold or platinum as the electrode in a lengthy and labor-intensive process. The current research focuses on using less costly metals and revising the metal deposition process. Several new methods allowing for faster deposition of metals onto ionic polymer membranes are developed and evaluated including sputter-coating, electroless plating, and impregnation/reduction. Using these methods, metal electrodes have been plated onto ionic polymer membranes in processes resulting in a purely surface deposition and in processes resulting in interpenetration of the metal into the polymer. This work shows that electromechanical coupling is present with all of these processes, although results indicate that interpenetration of the electrode is important for good adhesion of the metal and good performance of the transducers.Also studied were different metals; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) testing shows that the use of non-noble metals as the electrodes results in oxidation of the metal and corresponding loss of performance in the actuator. Noble metals are found to not experience the oxidation problem. Further work shows that non-noble metals can be effectively employed as electrodes if alloyed with noble metals by using a co-reduction technique. Also ii studied is the use of protective coatings of noble metal to stabilize the non-noble metal electrodes. Using these approaches, a new plating method is developed and the stability of the electrodes made using this method is studied. These results indicate that samples made using this new process may be actauted continuously for over 150,000 cycles with very little degredation in their performance.Using this new plating method, ionic polymer membrane transducers can be made in less than five hours. Characterization of these new devices shows that they have a mass energy density of 4-20 mJ/kg in the cantilevered mode. This compares well with a baseline material, which is found to have a mass energy density of 3-12 mJ/kg. Composition and morphology of the electrodes made using the new method are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the density and tensile modulus are measured. The density of the new material is found to be app...

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Section: Chemical Deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Manufacture and characterization of ionic polymer transducers employing non-precious metal electrodes

Bennett¹,

Leo

2003

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…This technology can then:i )reducet he total electrical resistance of the system;i i) lower the total cell potential;i ii)limit cell component degradation;i v) increase the energy efficiency and v) mitigate oxygen contamination among the reaction products.T he electrodes can be physically assembled into am embrane-electrode assembly (MEA) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] or directly deposited onto the ion-exchange membrane itself,t oo btain as olid-polymer-electrolyte-catalyst (SPE). [51][52][53][54][55][56] One of the criticala spects of this type of approachi st he mass transport dynamics of CO 2 (both in the gas and liquid phase), which should be dealt with through ac arefuld evelopment of electrocatalytic structures. [42,45]…”

Section: Low-temperature/aqueous-based Electrolysis Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Technological Progress in CO₂ Electroreduction to Fuels and Energy Carriers in Aqueous Environments

et al. 2015

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Here we review recent developments and technological advances in the field of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels, energy carriers and precursors and other interesting building blocks for industrial applications. Synthetic hydrocarbon fuels derived from CO2/H2O are proposed as alternatives to hydrogen as an energy carrier that enables a carbon‐neutral energy cycle, given their inherent advantages of high H/C ratio and convenience of storage and transportation. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 represents a feasible route for the direct generation of hydrocarbon fuels or their precursors (i.e., synthesis gas) using CO2/H2O. Such hydrocarbons fit well within the existing energy infrastructure because of their similarity to existing fossil fuels. Recently significant efforts are being devoted to the development of prototype systems, such as low‐ or high‐ temperature electrolyzers that operate as part of environmentally sustainable energy networks.

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“…Most effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction are the so-called mixed metal oxides of the platinum group metals [2]. At the cathode, the catalyst should show a high activity for the CO 2 reduction reaction to hydrocarbons and a high overpotential for the hydrogen evolution.…”

Section: At Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

A membrane electrode assembly for the electrochemical synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO2(g) and H2O(g)

Kriescher

Kugler

Hosseiny

et al. 2015

Electrochemistry Communications

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Ambient Temperature Gas Phase CO 2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons at Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cells

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Manufacture and characterization of ionic polymer transducers employing non-precious metal electrodes

Manufacture and characterization of ionic polymer transducers employing non-precious metal electrodes

Recent Technological Progress in CO₂ Electroreduction to Fuels and Energy Carriers in Aqueous Environments

A membrane electrode assembly for the electrochemical synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO2(g) and H2O(g)

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Ambient Temperature Gas Phase CO 2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons at Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cells

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Manufacture and characterization of ionic polymer transducers employing non-precious metal electrodes

Manufacture and characterization of ionic polymer transducers employing non-precious metal electrodes

Recent Technological Progress in CO2 Electroreduction to Fuels and Energy Carriers in Aqueous Environments

A membrane electrode assembly for the electrochemical synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO2(g) and H2O(g)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Recent Technological Progress in CO₂ Electroreduction to Fuels and Energy Carriers in Aqueous Environments