AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE MOLASSES ON DELTAMETHRIN INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN ADULT ALBINO RATS: BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL & IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Deltamethrin (DLM) is class II synthetic pyrethroid used worldwide as pesticides in agriculture, household pest control, protection of foodstuff, and disease vector control. Exposures occur mainly from the household application, contaminated food or water. Although initially thought to be least toxic, a number of recent studies revealed its toxic effects in different animal species. Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress effect due to DLM exposure on brain tissues of adult albino rats, and whether co-administration of pomegranate (PM) molasses can ameliorate this oxidative damage. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult experimental Albino rats were divided into five groups:-ve control group (6 rats), +ve control group (6 rats) (received 1ml corn oil once daily, orally), diluted PM molasses [(0.5ml (PM) molasses+(0.5ml) distilled water] treated group (6 rats), DLM (6mg/kg) treated group (6 rats), DLM (6mg/kg) + diluted PM molasses[(0.5ml (PM) molasses+(0.5ml) distilled water] treated group (6 rats). These doses were given once daily, orally for seven days. By the end of the expirement, blood sample were obtained for estimation of plasma cholinesterase (PCHE) level and oxidative stress parameters) malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], and catalase [CAT] (, then rats were sacrificed. The brains were excised, prepared for estimation of oxidative stress parameters in tissue, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical examination. Results: revealed that DLM caused neurotoxicity in albino rats as there was a significant increase in serum & brain tissues MDA, reduction of both GSH & CAT, decrease in PCHE level & pathological changes in brain included, neuronal degeneration, apoptotic bodies, neuropil vacuolizations, proliferated and dilated blood vessels beside strong positive immunreaction for bax when compared with both control groups & PM molasses treated groups. While, there was significant reduction in serum & brain MDA, significant increase in both GSH &CAT and also decrease in PCHE level. Mild pathological changes in brain of albino rats beside mild positive immunreaction for bax in DLM + PM molasses treated group as compared to DLM treated group. Conclusion: deltamethrin can induce oxidative damage in the experimental albino rat brain & pomegranate molasses as an antioxidant has an ameliorative effect against this damage.

Protective effect of acetylcysteine against thiamethoxam-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats

“…Although it is primarily produced in the liver, kidney, and erythrocytes, CAT has been detected in almost all organs. Our findings are consistent with the findings of many other researchers who found that the CAT activity was decreased when rats were treated with 6 mg/kg bw deltamethrin for seven days [84], dimethoate [85], diazinon [86], chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, and malathion alone or in combination [87]. GPx transforms glutathione (GSH) to its oxidized form (GSSG), H 2 O 2 to H 2 O, and lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH) to the stable alcohols.…”

“…Also, mice intoxicated with 30 mg/kg b.w./day of thiamethoxam for 28 days showed increase in the oxidative stress parameters such as MDA level in association with decrease in total antioxidants level [15]. A study of rats treated with 6 mg/kg bw deltamethrin for seven days [84] observed a significant increase in serum MDA. Several reports recorded increased MDA hepatic levels in fipronil and dimethoate treated rats [85,88].…”