American Process: Production of Low Cost Nanocellulose for Renewable, Advanced Materials Applications

Nelson, Kim; Retsina, Theodora; Iakovlev, Mikhail; Heiningen, Adriaan van; Deng, Yulin; Shatkin, Jo Anne; Mulyadi, Arie

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23419-9_9

Cited by 69 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…This technology provides a low-cost way to prepare NCs. It can prepare hydrophilic/hydrophobic CNCs and CNFs by controlling the content of lignin [84]. The process flow chart of nanoscale cellulose prepared by AVAP is shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Other Methods Some New Methods For the Preparation Of Cncs mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

219

128

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The recent strategies in preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were described. CNCs and CNFs are two types of nanocelluloses (NCs), and they possess various superior properties, such as large specific surface area, high tensile strength and stiffness, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Due to various applications in biomedical engineering, food, sensor, packaging, and so on, there are many studies conducted on CNCs and CNFs. In this review, various methods of preparation of CNCs and CNFs are summarized, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The methods of pretreatment of cellulose are described in view of the benefits to fibrillation.

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Section: Other Methods Some New Methods For the Preparation Of Cncs mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEMPO oxidation pretreatment remarkably reduced the energy consumption for the further mechanical disintegration of cellulose [86,201,203,[209][210][211]. Nelson et al evaluated that the mechanical energy consumption after TEMPO oxidation was about 570 KWh/t, which was far lower than that of 70000 KWh/t without any pretreatment [84].…”

Section: Tempo Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Xie

Yang

2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

219

128

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“…CNCs from a variety of biomass sources. 87,88 BioPlus™ Crystals were purchased as a 6 wt% aqueous gel and used as received.…”

Section: Alberta Innovates Technology Futures (Aitf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production

2016

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Abstract:The renewability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have made them an attractive material for numerous composite, biomedical and rheological applications. However, for CNCs to shift from laboratory curiosity to commercial applications, researchers must transition from CNCs extracted at the bench scale to material produced at an industrial scale. There are a number of companies currently producing kilogram to ton per day quantities of sulfuric acid-hydrolyzed CNCs, as well as other nanocelluloses, as described herein.With the recent intensification of industrially produced CNCs, the variety of cellulose sources, hydrolysis methods and purification procedures, characterization of these materials becomes critical. This has further been justified by the past two decades of research which demonstrate that CNC stability and behaviour is highly dependent on surface chemistry, surface charge density and particle size. This work outlines key test methods that should be employed to characterize these properties to ensure a "known" starting material and consistent performance.Of the sulfuric acid-extracted CNCs examined, industrially produced material compared well with laboratory-made CNCs, exhibiting similar charge density, colloidal and thermal stability, crystallinity, morphology and self-assembly behaviour. In addition, it was observed that further purification of CNCs, using Soxhlet extraction in ethanol, had minimal impact on nanoparticle properties and is unlikely to be necessary for many applications. Overall the current standing of industrially produced CNCs is positive suggesting that the evolution to commercial scale applications will not be hindered by CNC production.

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“…Another use for kraft pulp made from hot water extracted chips may be in wood fiber composite pulps such as Södra's DuraPulp that can be used for making formable products (Hasan et al 2010;Melin 2015). Nanocellulose added back to a paperboard furnish made from hot water extracted chips could restore some of the strength properties lost during extraction (Nelson et al 2016).…”

Section: Biorefineries In the Pulp And Paper Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Johnson¹,

Hart²

2016

BioResources

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Kraft pulp and paper mills have several advantages for serving the emerging biorefinery industry as a source of raw materials. This review examines technologies for producing liquid biofuels, chemicals, and advanced materials from woody feedstocks to generate new sources of revenue. Market pull comes in part from government policies that drive substitution of petroleum-based products with biobased equivalents. Kraft mills have ample networks to supply feedstocks, whether these are forest residues or byproduct side streams. Pulp mills are well suited to expand sufficiently to accommodate production of value added platform chemicals that are in demand because of brand owner sustainability commitments.

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American Process: Production of Low Cost Nanocellulose for Renewable, Advanced Materials Applications

Cited by 69 publications

References 94 publications

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Recent Strategies in Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Derived from Raw Cellulose Materials

Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

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