Amino acid incorporation into proteins of nucleate and anucleate fragments of sea urchin eggs: Effect of parthenogenetic activation

Incorporation of Amino Acids Into Sea Urchin Eggs Stimulated Insufficiently With an Activating Reagent

“…BRACHET, FICQ andTENCER, (1963) andDENNY andTYLER (1964) found that artificial activation stimulates protein synthesis in anucleate halves of sea urchin eggs. In this case the enhancement of the protein synthesis cannot be explained by a nucleus-dependent de novo synthesis of mRNA.…”

Genomic Strategies for Embryonic Development

“…Their genetic function was discovered in the late 1870s and early 1880s by careful observation of meiosis, fertilization, pronuclear fusion, and mitosis. Their logistic function was suspected from measurements of their huge RNA and protein content in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s (Brachet, 1933, and proved by the discovery of maternal mRNA and its utilization for embryonic protein synthesis in the 1960s (Brachet et al, 1963;Monroy and Tyler, 1963;Denny and Tyler, 1964;Gross and Cousineau, 1964). Their activation function was first indicated by observations on oxidative metabolism following fertilization in the premolecular biology era, and the biochemical sequence of events leading to activation of protein synthesis was uncovered in the decades after 1970.…”

Determination of Cell Development, Differentiation and Growth: A Review

“…Experiments utilizing mutant enucleated frog eggs [14] as well as chemical 'enucleation' with actinomycin D [53] have suggested that the first parts of embryonic development are independent of nuclear function. In fact, protein synthesis in treated eggs proceeds at the same rate as in the untreated controls indicating the presence of stable m-RNA.…”

“…In fact, protein synthesis in treated eggs proceeds at the same rate as in the untreated controls indicating the presence of stable m-RNA. Furthermore, eggs can develop to the blastula stage despite enucleation [14], actinomycin [53] or x-ray [92] treatment. However, RNA from unfertilized urchin eggs can stimulate the incorporation of amino acids into proteins by ribosomes from rat liver although ribosomes from unfertilized eggs are not responsive [77].…”