Amino acid substitutions and an insertion in the spike glycoprotein extend the host range of the murine coronavirus MHV-A59

Thackray, Larissa B.; Holmes, Kathryn V.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.005

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In coronavirus infections, when processes of virus attachment and entry cannot be distinguished from each other, a concerted action between S1 and S2 has been observed. For example, the extended host range of MHV strains often requires a combination of mutations in S1 and S2 (de Haan et al, 2006;Navas-Martin et al, 2005;Saeki et al, 1997;Schickli et al, 2004;Thackray and Holmes, 2004). When elucidated in more detail, the communication between these regions was particularly contributing to virus-cell fusion and spread of progeny virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spike protein is the major viral attachment protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and ultimately determines viral tropism. The S1 subunit of the spike is assumed to be required for virus attachment. However, we have previously shown that this domain of the embryo- and cell culture adapted Beaudette strain, in contrast to that of the virulent M41 strain, is not sufficient for binding to chicken trachea (Wickramasinghe et al., 2011). In the present study, we demonstrated that the lack of binding of Beaudette S1 was not due to absence of virus receptors on this tissue nor due to the production of S1 from mammalian cells, as S1 proteins expressed from chicken cells also lacked the ability to bind IBV-susceptible embryonic tissue. Subsequently, we addressed the contribution of the S2 subunit of the spike in IBV attachment. Recombinant IBV Beaudette spike ectodomains, comprising the entire S1 domain and the S2 ectodomain, were expressed and analyzed for binding to susceptible embryonic chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) in our previously developed spike histochemistry assay. We observed that extension of the S1 domain with the S2 subunit of the Beaudette spike was sufficient to gain binding to CAM. A previously suggested heparin sulfate binding site in Beaudette S2 was not required for the observed binding to CAM, while sialic acids on the host tissues were essential for the attachment. To further elucidate the role of S2 the spike ectodomains of virulent IBV M41 and chimeras of M41 and Beaudette were analyzed for their binding to CAM, chicken trachea and mammalian cell lines. While the M41 spike ectodomain showed increased attachment to both CAM and chicken trachea, no binding to mammalian cells was observed. In contrast, Beaudette spike ectodomain had relatively weak ability to bind to chicken trachea, but displayed marked extended host range to mammalian cells. Binding patterns of chimeric spike ectodomains to these tissues and cells indicate that S2 subunits most likely do not contain an additional independent receptor-binding site. Rather, the interplay between S1 and S2 subunits of spikes from the same viral origin might finally determine the avidity and specificity of virus attachment and thus viral host range.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These viruses gained the ability to grow in cell lines from numerous species not permissive to wild-type MHV through an acquired recognition of receptors other than CEA-CAM1. Analysis and engineered reconstruction of one of these selected variants showed that a relatively small number of amino acid changes in the S protein RBD accounted for its extended host range (Schickli et al, 2004;Thackray and Holmes, 2004). Comparison of the RBDs of various strains of MHV, of the extended host range mutant of MHV, and of other group 2 coronaviruses allowed the identification of five residues in the RBD that were uniquely conserved among MHV strains (Thackray et al, 2005).…”

Section: Receptor Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses

Masters

2006

Advances in Virus Research

1,556

1,677

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronaviruses are large, enveloped RNA viruses of both medical and veterinary importance. Interest in this viral family has intensified in the past few years as a result of the identification of a newly emerged coronavirus as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). At the molecular level, coronaviruses employ a variety of unusual strategies to accomplish a complex program of gene expression. Coronavirus replication entails ribosome frameshifting during genome translation, the synthesis of both genomic and multiple subgenomic RNA species, and the assembly of progeny virions by a pathway that is unique among enveloped RNA viruses. Progress in the investigation of these processes has been enhanced by the development of reverse genetic systems, an advance that was heretofore obstructed by the enormous size of the coronavirus genome. This review summarizes both classical and contemporary discoveries in the study of the molecular biology of these infectious agents, with particular emphasis on the nature and recognition of viral receptors, viral RNA synthesis, and the molecular interactions governing virion assembly.

show abstract

“…By granting binding of the virus to the host cell, cellular receptors play an important role in determining the species and tissue tropism of coronaviruses (Thackray & Holmes, ; Masters, ; Tusell et al ., ). The MERS‐CoV spike protein is a 1353 amino acid type‐I transmembrane glycoprotein presented as a trimer on the surface of the enveloped virus.…”

Section: Mers‐cov Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On September 20, 2012, a Saudi Arabian physician reported the isolation of a novel coronavirus from a patient with pneumonia on ProMED-mail. Within a few days the same virus was detected in a Qatari patient receiving intensive care in a London hospital, a situation reminiscent of the role air travel played in the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. SARS-CoV originated in China’s Guangdong Province and affected more than 8000 patients in 26 countries before it was contained six months later. Over a year after the emergence of this novel coronavirus—Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—it has caused 178 laboratory confirmed cases and 76 deaths The emergence of a second highly pathogenic coronavirus within a decade highlights the importance of a coordinated global response incorporating reservoir surveillance, high-containment capacity with fundamental and applied research programs, and dependable communication pathways to ensure outbreak containment. Here we review the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology, ecology, molecular biology, clinical features and intervention strategies of the novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV.

show abstract

Amino acid substitutions and an insertion in the spike glycoprotein extend the host range of the murine coronavirus MHV-A59

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

Contributions of the S2 spike ectodomain to attachment and host range of infectious bronchitis virus

The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About