“Bad urban” uplink multipaths’ distribution in azimuth-elevation DOA, with scatterers modeled as inside a cylinder above the mobile & as more sparse with height

Abstract

This paper presents a new bivariate joint distributions of uplink multipaths' two-dimensional (2D) azimuthelevation direction-of-arrival (DOA) for a landmobile cellular wireless communication system. These distributions are based on a "geometrical" model of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial relationships among the mobile-station (MS), the scatterers, and the base-station (BS). This "geometric model" has the scatterers spatially distributed inside an above-ground 3D vertical cylinder whose flat bottom circular base centers at the mobile, and whose density tapers off as height increases. These distributions are rigorously derived via thorough mathematics, and expressed in closed form explicitly in terms of the DOA variables.R 2 + [r sin(θ) sin(φ)]

Distribution of the uplink multipaths’ arrival delay and azimuth‐elevation arrival angle because of ‘bad urban’ scatterers distributed cylindrically above the mobile

“…|| Similar with most earlier papers (including [8], [13], [3]) that analytically derive closed-form explicit expressions of the DOA-TOA distributions on the basis of geometrical models, these standard assumptions are made: ¶ The idealisation of mobile to have a zero elevation is a useful simplification as the mobile (whether handheld or on a vehicle) would often be at the street level. || This model is further generalised in [24] to allow the scatterer density to become more sparse higher up inside the cylinder.…”

“…‖ ‖This model is further generalised in to allow the scatterer density to become more sparse higher up inside the cylinder.…”