Amperometric Biosensor Based on Zirconium Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol/Tyrosinase Composite Film for the Detection of Phenolic Compounds

Abstract

A phenolic biosensor based on a zirconium oxide/polyethylene glycol/tyrosinase composite film for the detection of phenolic compounds has been explored. The formation of the composite film was expected via electrostatic interaction between hexacetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and zirconium oxide nanoparticles casted on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Herein, the electrode was treated by casting hexacetyltrimethylammonium bromide on SPCE to promote a positively charged surface. Later, zirconium oxide was mixed with polyethylene glycol and the mixture was dropped cast onto the positively charged SPCE/CTAB. Tyrosinase was further immobilized onto the modified SPCE. Characterization of the prepared nanocomposite film and the modified SPCE surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Cyclic voltamogram (CV). The developed biosensor exhibits rapid response for less than 10 s. Two linear calibration curves towards phenol in the concentrations ranges of 0.075–10 µM and 10–55 µM with the detection limit of 0.034 µM were obtained. The biosensor shows high sensitivity and good storage stability for at least 30 days.

Development of a Polyphenol Oxidase Biosensor from Jenipapo Fruit Extract (Genipa americana L.) and Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Textile Industrial Effluents

“…The biological function of PPOs is strictly related to their capacity to reversibly bond to oxygen through a copper (Cu 2+ ) active site, thus either oxidizing catechol to quinone or reducing quinone to catechol. These events are potential dependent and involve electron transfer, which is thereby detected in methods such as DPV [ 25 , 26 ].…”

“…The oxidation of catechol can be assessed through an anodic scan, whereas the reduction of quinone to catechol is detected through a cathodic scan [ 25 , 26 ]. The aforementioned redox processes are represented below ( Scheme 1 ).…”

Hydrogel Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications: An Updated Review

“…With its biocompatibility, PEG is widely used as a biosensor with antifouling characteristics. In recent studies, PEG and its hybrids have been employed for the fabrication of electrochemical [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ], optical [ 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ], and mass based [ 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ] biosensors.…”

Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensors for Potential Application in Environmental Monitoring

“…(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69) Exposure to phenol over its permissible level can lead to symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, and further exposure can cause kidney, lung, and liver malfunction. (70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75) Consequently, it has drawn researchers' attention, leading to the rapid development of sensors for its detection. SPR sensors have emerged as novel sensors with high potential for detecting phenol.…”