Amperometric detector designs for capillary electrophoresis microchips

Castaño‐Álvarez, Mario; Fernández‐Abedul, M. Teresa; Costa-Garcı́a, Agustı́n

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.029

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…42,43 Fosdick et al have reported the use of gold and carbon microwires as electrodes, and showed that they can be integrated with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. 7 Stainless steel has been used as a material for auxiliary and quasireference electrodes in electroanalytical flow systems and other electrochemical applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical devices with pins and thread

et al. 2016

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This work describes the adaptive use of conventional stainless steel pins-used in unmodified form or coated with carbon paste-as working, counter and quasi-reference electrodes in electrochemical devices fabricated using cotton thread or embossed omniphobic R F paper to contain the electrolyte and sample. For some applications these pin electrodes may be easier to modify and use than printed electrodes; their position and orientation can be changed as needed, and the electrodes can be washed and reused between multiple devices. Electroanalytical devices capable of multiplex analysis (threadbased arrays or 96-well plates) can easily be fabricated using pins as electrodes in either thread or omniphobic R F paper.

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confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical devices with pins and thread

et al. 2016

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“…The working electrode can be permanently integrated on-chip by means of thin-films made of platinum [23,24], gold [25][26][27], copper [26], or carbon [28] placed close to the channel exit. Other approach is based on an off-chip alignment of replaceable disk [10,[29][30][31][32][33] or thick-film [33][34][35] working electrodes. In this case, the working electrode could be replaced when surface fouling happened.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive intercalators for DNA analysis on microchip electrophoresis

2007

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Miniaturized analytical systems, especially microchip CE (MCE), are becoming a promising tool for analytical purposes including DNA analysis. These microdevices require a sensitive and miniaturizable detection system such as electrochemical detection (ED). Several electroactive DNA intercalators, including the organic dye methylene blue (MB), anthraquinone derivatives, and the metal complexes Fe(phen)3 2+ and Ru(phen)3 2+, have been tested for using in combination with thermoplastic olefin polymer of amorphous structure (Topas) CE-microchips and ED. Two end-channel approaches for integration of gold wire electrodes in CE-ED microchip were used. A 250 microm diameter gold wire was manually aligned at the outlet of the separation channel. A new approach based on a guide channel for integration of 100 and 50 microm diameter gold wire has been also developed in order to reduce the background current and the baseline noise level. Modification of gold wire electrodes has been also tested to improve the detector performance. Application of MCE-ED for ssDNA detection has been studied and demonstrated for the first time using the electroactive dye MB. Electrostatic interaction between cationic MB and anionic ssDNA was used for monitoring the DNA on microchips. Thus, reproducible calibration curves for ssDNA were obtained. This study advances the feasibility of direct DNA analysis using CE-microchip with ED.

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“…Although the fabrication process is relatively simple, hybrid chips do not support a homogeneous EOF, which can result in reductions in CE separation performance. A few researchers have developed complete thermoplastic polymer CE-ED chips with on-chip integrated electrodes [6,8,35,36]. Challenge associated with fabricating metal electrodes on polymers using standard lithographic techniques is that the solvents used for the photoresist or that used for removal of the resist can be non-compatible with the underlying polymer substrate [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high‐performance polycarbonate electrophoresis microchip with integrated three‐electrode system for end‐channel amperometric detection

Wang

Chen

et al. 2008

Electrophoresis

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A fully integrated polycarbonate (PC) microchip for CE with end-channel electrochemical detection operated in an amperometric mode (CE-ED) has been developed. The on-chip integrated three-electrode system consisted of a gold working electrode, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a platinum counter electrode, which was fabricated by photo-directed electroless plating combined with electroplating. The working electrode was positioned against the separation channel exit to reduce post-channel band broadening. The electrophoresis high-voltage (HV) interference with the amperometric detection was assessed with respect to detection noise and potential shifts at various working-to-reference electrode spacing. It was observed that the electrophoresis HV interference caused by positioning the working electrode against the channel exit could be diminished by using an on-chip integrated reference electrode that was positioned in close proximity (100 microm) to the working electrode. The CE-ED microchip was demonstrated for the separation of model analytes, including dopamine (DA) and catechol (CA). Detection limits of 132 and 164 nM were achieved for DA and CA, respectively, and a theoretical plate number of 2.5x10(4)/m was obtained for DA. Relative standard deviations in peak heights observed for five runs of a standard solution containing the two analytes (0.1 mM for each) were 1.2 and 3.1% for DA and CA, respectively. The chip could be continuously used for more than 8 h without significant deterioration in analytical performance.

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Amperometric detector designs for capillary electrophoresis microchips

Cited by 41 publications

References 42 publications

Electroanalytical devices with pins and thread

Electroanalytical devices with pins and thread

Electroactive intercalators for DNA analysis on microchip electrophoresis

A high‐performance polycarbonate electrophoresis microchip with integrated three‐electrode system for end‐channel amperometric detection

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