Amplification of light in sol-gel-based Nd-glass waveguides

Natarajan, Srikanth; Ramamurthi, Anand V.; Selvarajan, A.; Meiyappan, Muthuraman; Patil, K. C.

doi:10.1117/12.305397

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Nd 3+ can be added to the sol as a nitrate and then converted to the oxide form by heat treatment. However, Nd 2 O 3 is immiscible in silica glass for amounts higher than 0.5 wt% (by conventional meltcasting), and therefore it forms aggregates or clusters [32]. These clusters cause non-radiative deexcitation processes which greatly lower the fluorescence lifetime and thus the gain of the material.…”

Section: Doping Silicate Waveguides 41 Rare-earths Doping For Amplifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Waveguides Based on Sol-Gel Coatings

Vasconcelos¹

2020

Waveguide Technologies in Photonics and Microwave Engineering [Working Title]

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This chapter focuses on developing coatings for use as waveguides for integrated optics and photonics. Thin (or thick) films of silica-based inorganic materials and organic-inorganic hybrids can be easily obtained using the sol-gel and spin-coating method, followed by rapid thermal annealing to obtain dense films of good optical quality. The waveguide thermal, structural, and optical properties can be characterized using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Waveguides can be both doped with semiconductor microcrystallites and rare-earths for the development of optical devices, where light is confined to one or two dimensions (planar, channel or strip loaded).

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Section: Doping Silicate Waveguides 41 Rare-earths Doping For Amplifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Waveguides Based on Sol-Gel Coatings

Vasconcelos¹

2020

Waveguide Technologies in Photonics and Microwave Engineering [Working Title]

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“…This is then used to calculate the gain coefficent, and hence the value of the absolute gain of the medium. The gain coefficient of the bulk medium is given by lwx (w) gb(w)=- (6) where c is the velocity of light in the medium.…”

Section: Gain Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Analysis of gain characteristics of Nd-doped sol-gel-based waveguide amplifier</title>

1998

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In this paper, we present an analysis of optical amplification properties of Nd-doped planar waveguides on glass substrates fabricated by sol-gel process. Modified gain characteristics are determined from the susceptibility profile and the waveguide dispersion properties. The waveguide dispersion properties are represented by the propagation coefficient variation with optical frequency, /3(w). This is determined by solving the non-linear dispersion equation using the waveguide structural parameters, such as, the transverse refractive index profile, the waveguide film thickness and the operating optical frequency. The susceptibility profile, x(w), is determined using the measured absorption spectra from the fabricated waveguide samples. The analysis is facilitated by fitting an appropriate Gaussian distribution to the measured absorption spectra at the resonant frequency. It is observed that the gain profile is modified asymmetrically by the waveguide parameters.

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“…Fabrication of composite planar waveguides on glass substrates doped with Nd and Er ions is easily achieved using the sol-gel method [59]. We have used a process which consists of forming a multilayer film by spin-coating several thin layers and thermal annealing after the application of each individual layer [36], [37].…”

Section: A Fabrication Of Sol-gel Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical amplification and photosensitivity in sol-gel based waveguides

Selvarajan

Srinivas

2001

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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The sol-gel process has emerged as an effective route for the fabrication of optical waveguides and guided wave devices and circuits. In particular, it is possible to incorporate active dopants like neodymium, erbium, and cesium for integrated optical active devices and circuits. In this paper, a review of recent research on active devices and circuits based on sol-gel process is made. Specific studies undertaken in our laboratory on optical amplification and photosensitivity characteristics of sol-gel optical films are presented. In the case of modeling and analysis of active sol-gel films for the study of optical amplifiers, we present the Atomic Susceptibility Theory of lasers and also the method of rate equations, duly taking into account the waveguide parameters. The Beam Propagation Method is applied to study the propagation and gain characteristics of actively doped sol-gel film devices such as straight waveguide,-branch, and directional coupler. Formation of Bragg gratings in cerium-doped films are investigated. Also, futuristic applications in MEMS where the sol-gel process will be effectively used to form optical layers that can be controlled by mechanical effects are pointed out.

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Amplification of light in sol-gel-based Nd-glass waveguides

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Optical Waveguides Based on Sol-Gel Coatings

Optical Waveguides Based on Sol-Gel Coatings

<title>Analysis of gain characteristics of Nd-doped sol-gel-based waveguide amplifier</title>

Optical amplification and photosensitivity in sol-gel based waveguides

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