Amplification of tumor oxidative stresses by Poly(disulfide acetal) for multidrug resistance reversal

A bifunctional small molecular photocatalyst with a redox center and a Lewis acid site for one-pot tandem oxidation–acetalization

“…7,8 Acetals are not only excellent protective groups for carbonyl compounds, but they can also serve as starting materials for new synthetic applications or employed as flavouring additives and aroma enhancers in cosmetic and food products. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Due to their versatility, a variety of methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of acetals, and most of them are based on acid-catalyzed systems including the use of strong mineral acids, transition-metal Lewis acids, organic acids and so on. [16][17][18] Prevalent substrates used for the synthesis of acetals are mainly focused on carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones.…”

Poly(disulfide)s: From Synthesis to Drug Delivery

“…The insufficient ATP hindered the action of efflux pumps because of the inhibition of production, which efficiently overcomes the MDR both in vitro and in vivo. 108 Reduction-sensitive poly(1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride-co-hydroxyethyl disulfide)−poly(ethylene glycol) (poly(CHTA-co-HD)-PEG) containing disulfide bonds and carboxylic acids was synthesized through a one-step reaction to encapsulate the oxaliplatin prodrug OxaPt(IV) and the cationic DNA intercalator 56MESS for temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant glioblastoma (GBM). Nanoparticles were formed by the nanoprecipitation method, wherein OxaPt(IV) was incorporated through hydrophobic interactions and 56MESS was encapsulated through electrostatic complexation.…”

“…(iv) Relative ATP levels in MCF-7/ADR cells after treatment with different formulas. Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Elsevier.…”

“…Disulfide groups were introduced to deplete intracellular GSH and amplify oxidative stress, and cinnamaldehyde was incorporated to generate ROS. The insufficient ATP hindered the action of efflux pumps because of the inhibition of production, which efficiently overcomes the MDR both in vitro and in vivo . Reduction-sensitive poly­(1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride- co -hydroxyethyl disulfide)–poly­(ethylene glycol) (poly­(CHTA-co-HD)-PEG) containing disulfide bonds and carboxylic acids was synthesized through a one-step reaction to encapsulate the oxaliplatin prodrug OxaPt­(IV) and the cationic DNA intercalator 56MESS for temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant glioblastoma (GBM).…”

Effect of the disulfide bond and polyethylene glycol on the degradation and biophysicochemical properties of polyurethane micelles

“…35 This discrepancy provides an incentive to develop GSH-cleavable linkers to achieve precision therapy. 36–38 Many drug delivery vehicles containing disulfide bonds have been extensively explored recently for the precise spatiotemporal drug 39,40 and immunostimulatory agent release 41 or deplete GSH to amplify oxidative stress, 42 achieving cytoplasmic delivery, enhancing the exposure of therapeutic agents, and reducing systemic side effects. 43,44…”