Amplitude and Phase Error Correction Algorithm for $3\times 3$ MMI Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometers

Kleijn, E Emil; Vliet, E.M. Van; Pustakhod, Dzmitry; Smit, M.K.; Leijtens, X.J.M.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2015.2409200

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This redefines switching range 180 ± 15˚. An integrated wave meter as presented in [20], will be used to monitor the position of each resonance within an AWG channel. The wave meter circuit consist of a 2 × 2 directional coupler (or 2 × 2 MMI) and a 3 × 3 MMI (with its middle input port unused) that forma two-arm interferometer with a delay imbalance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-High Resolution Wideband on-Chip Spectrometer

et al. 2020

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Monitoring the state of the optical network is a key enabler for programmability of network functions, protocols and efficient use of the spectrum. A particular challenge is to provide the SDN-EON controller with a panoramic view of the complete state of the optical spectrum. This paper describes an architecture for compact on-chip spectrometry targeting high resolution across the entire Cband to reliably and accurately measure the spectral profile of WDM signals in fixed and flex-grid architectures. An industry standard software tool is used to validate the performance of the spectrometer. The fabrication of the proposed design is found to be practical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-High Resolution Wideband on-Chip Spectrometer

et al. 2020

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“…This assumption is not necessary since the scanning is performed based on the simple arithmetic summation of the output of AWGs based on Table 1. A wave meter [16] can be placed at an outer channel to monitor the position of the ring resonance within the channels. The channel shift between the AWG1 and AWG2 should be half (25 GHz in this case) of the AWG output channel spacing; is the only restrictions of the design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the careful tracking of the position of a resonance is not mandatory. However, an integrated wave meter concept presented in [16] can be used to monitor the position of the RR resonance within a single channel of the AWG. Since the resonances are substantially periodic in frequency, albeit very slightly detuned by chromatic dispersion, the position of the resonance within each channel of the AWG can be mapped easily.…”

Section: Proposed Spectrometer Circuit Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit architecture and integration feasibility of a high-resolution broadband on-chip spectral sensor

Hasan¹,

Rad²,

Hasan³

et al. 2020

OSA Advanced Photonics Congress (AP) 2020 (IPR, NP, NOMA, Networks, PVLED, PSC, SPPCom, SOF)

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Up-to-date network telemetry is the key enabler for resource optimization by a variety of means including capacity scaling, fault recovery, network reconfiguration. Reliable optical performance monitoring in general and specifically the monitoring of the spectral profile of WDM signals in fixed-and flex-grid architecture across the entire C-band remains challenging. This article describes a spectrometer circuit architecture along with an original data processing algorithm that combined can measure the spectrum quantitatively across the entire C-band aiming at ∼ 1 GHz resolution bandwidth. The circuit is composed of a scanning ring resonator followed by a parallel arrangement of AWGs with interlaced channel spectra. The comb of ring resonances provides the high resolution and the algorithm creates a virtual tuneable AWG that isolates individual resonances of the comb within the flat passband of its synthesised channels. The parallel arrangement of AWGs may be replaced by a time multiplexed multi-input port AWG. The feasibility of a ring resonator functioning over whole C-band is experimentally validated. Full tuning of the comb of resonances over a free spectral range is achieved with a high-resolution bandwidth of ∼1.30 GHz. Due to its maturity and low loss, CMOS compatible Si3N4 is chosen for integration. Additionally, the whole system demonstration is presented using industry standard simulation tool. The architecture is robust to fabrication process variations owing to its data processing approach.

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“…A multimode interference (MMI) coupler is an important and widely used component in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), such as 3-dB couplers [1][2][3], optical hybrids [4][5][6], multi/demultiplexers for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) transmission [7,8], Mach-Zehnder interferometers for wavelength meters [9], and differential phase shift keying (DPSK) demodulators [10]. An MMI coupler with M input and N output access waveguides is referred to as an M × N MMI coupler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To fabricate PICs, the most promising and widely used materials are Si nano wire [1,7,8,10], InP [2,3,6,9], and silica [4,5,11]. All these materials have drawbacks and advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Optimization of Silica-Based 2 X 2 Multimode Interference Coupler Using a Real-Coded Micro-Genetic Algorithm

Yasui¹,

Sugisaka²,

Hirayama³

2017

PIER M

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Abstract-We propose a structural optimization method based on a real-coded micro-genetic algorithm to realize a weakly guided 2 × 2 multimode interference (MMI) coupler with low imbalance and excess loss over a wavelength range from 1520 to 1580 nm. The proposed method was applied to silica-based 2 × 2 MMI couplers with a relative refractive index difference of 5.5%. The optimized result showed an imbalance of less than 8.4 × 10 −3 dB, an excess loss of less than 0.14 dB, and a normalized output power of more than 48% over the operation wavelength range. The proposed method achieved an optimized 2 × 2 MMI coupler after 250 times of propagation analysis per wavelength, which is less than 6.7% of those by the conventional methods for 4×4 and 1×4 MMI couplers, and was proven to be more effective than the conventional methods. To consider realistic optical devices, 2 × 2 MMI couplers whose values of structural parameters are close to the optimized values within the accuracy of typical fabrication tolerance are also analyzed. The results are comparable to those of the optimized 2 × 2 MMI coupler.

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Amplitude and Phase Error Correction Algorithm for $3\times 3$ MMI Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometers

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Ultra-High Resolution Wideband on-Chip Spectrometer

Ultra-High Resolution Wideband on-Chip Spectrometer

Circuit architecture and integration feasibility of a high-resolution broadband on-chip spectral sensor

Structural Optimization of Silica-Based 2 X 2 Multimode Interference Coupler Using a Real-Coded Micro-Genetic Algorithm

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