An Analysis of Four Hundred Cases of Epidemic Meningitis Treated With the Anti-Meningitis Serum

Flexner, Simon; Jobling, James W.

doi:10.1084/jem.10.5.690

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Intrathecal serotherapy with equine anti-meningococcal antiserum was shown to be beneficial in meningococcal meningitis as far back as the early 1900s by Flexner and Jobling (1, 2), which suggested a role for antibody (Ab) in host defenses against invasive disease. Elegant studies by Goldschneider and colleagues firmly established a role for Ab in protection against invasive meningococcal infection (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the Classical Pathway of Complement by Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharides

Agarwal

Vasudhev

DeOliveira

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Almost all invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates express capsular polysaccharide. Antibody (Ab) is required for complement-dependent killing of meningococci. While alternative pathway evasion has received considerable attention, little is known about classical pathway (CP) inhibition by meningococci and forms the basis of this study. We engineered capsulated and unencapsulated isogenic mutant strains of groups A, B, C, W and Y meningococci to express similar amounts of the same factor H-binding protein (fHbp; a key component of group B meningococcal vaccines) molecule. Despite similar anti-fHbp mAb binding, significantly less C4b was deposited on all five encapsulated mutants compared to their unencapsulated counterparts (P<0.01), when purified C1 and C4 were used to deposit C4b. Reduced C4b deposition was the result of capsule-mediated inhibition of C1q engagement by Ab. C4b deposition correlated linearly with C1q engagement by anti-fHbp. While B, C, W and Y capsules limited CP-mediated killing by anti-fHbp, the unencapsulated group A mutant paradoxically was more resistant than its encapsulated counterpart. Strains varied considerably in their susceptibility to anti-fHbp and complement despite similar Ab binding, which may have implications for the activity of fHbp-based vaccines. Capsule also limited C4b deposition by anti-porin A mAbs. Capsule expression decreased binding of an anti-LOS IgM mAb (~1.2 to 2-fold reduction in fluorescence). Akin to observations with IgG, capsule also decreased IgM-mediated C4b deposition when IgM binding to the mutant strain pairs was normalized. In conclusion, we show that capsular polysaccharide, a critical meningococcal virulence factor, inhibits the CP of complement.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the Classical Pathway of Complement by Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharides

Agarwal

Vasudhev

DeOliveira

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Twelve serogroups of N. meningitidis have been identified, with six of these -N. meningitidis serogroups (Men) A, B, C, W, X, and Y -being responsible for virtually all invasive disease [1,11]. The epidemiology of MD is dynamic, with continuing changes in incidences of N. meningitidis serogroups and the emergence of new strain variants [1,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized and chronic infections resulting in pneumonia, endophthalmitis, arthritis, pericarditis, or myocarditis may also occur [3,10]. Although MD affects individuals of all ages, the highest rates of disease are found in infants <1 year old [1,11]. Peaks in incidence are also seen in adolescents as well as the elderly in some countries [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MD is fatal in as many as 50-80% of untreated cases [1], and case fatality rates even in treated individuals are~10-15% [2,3]. In addition, MD causes great morbidity, with 12-20% of survivors suffering significant clinical sequelae (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coverage of the various types of anti-MD vaccines are summarized in Table 1. Polysaccharide vaccines (PSVs) have been available for >40 years and variously cover one or more of serogroups [1]. Protein-conjugate capsular vaccines are available [25], and when possible, these vaccines should be used in preference to the polysaccharide form, as they are more immunogenic, provide longer-lasting immunity and a stronger response to booster vaccination (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Borrow

Alarcón

Carlos

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

213

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The 2015 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting discussed the global importance of meningococcal disease (MD) and its continually changing epidemiology. Areas covered: Although recent vaccination programs have been successful in reducing incidence in many countries (e.g. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup [Men]C in Brazil, MenA in the African meningitis belt), new clones have emerged, causing outbreaks (e.g. MenW in South America, MenC in Nigeria and Niger). The importance of herd protection was highlighted, emphasizing the need for high vaccination uptake among those with the highest carriage rates, as was the need for boosters to maintain individual and herd protection following decline of immune response after primary immunization. Expert commentary: The GMI Global Recommendations for Meningococcal Disease were updated to include a recommendation to enable access to whole-genome sequencing as for surveillance, guidance on strain typing to guide use of subcapsular vaccines, and recognition of the importance of advocacy and awareness campaigns. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Effect of Intravenous and Intraspinal Treatments on Cerebrospinal Syphilis

Draper¹

1915

Arch Intern Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the demonstration by Noguchi1 of Spirochaeta pallida in the central nervous system tissues, and with the successful use of salvarsan, paresis and locomotor ataxia have become less matters of purely neurological concern and more problems of infection, immunity and chemotherapy. Under this aspect the syphilitic disturbances of the central nervous system function have taken on a new interest alike for the student of immunity, the clinician and the psychologist. For it is now clear that the symptoms of central nervous system syphilis, be they pain, ataxia, or psychic disturbance, depend, as is the case in acute poliomyelitis, on the location of the damaging lesions. The therapeutic problem, therefore, is fundamentally of a similar nature to that found in any infection in which the specific agent is sent to destroy the infecting organism. The agent and organism must be brought into contact. The well-known impermeability of the choroid plexus to foreign substances renders the access of parenterally given drugs to the brain and cord difficult; consequently, it is to be inferred that salvarsan, when it is introduced into the bloodstream , comes in very minute quantities, if at all, into contact with spirochetes, lying within the meninges or in the outer layers of the brain. It has been shown, however, that the choroid membranes can be rendered more *

show abstract

An Analysis of Four Hundred Cases of Epidemic Meningitis Treated With the Anti-Meningitis Serum

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Inhibition of the Classical Pathway of Complement by Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharides

Inhibition of the Classical Pathway of Complement by Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharides

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Effect of Intravenous and Intraspinal Treatments on Cerebrospinal Syphilis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About