An Analysis of the Anatomic Variations of the Paranasal Sinuses and Ethmoid Roof Using Computed Tomography

Abstract

Using the Keros classification for LLCP height, higher rates of Keros Type I were found in other studies than in our study. The most frequent classification was Keros Type II. The paranasal sinus variations in each patient should be carefully evaluated. The data obtained from these evaluations can prevent probable complications by informing rhinologists performing endoscopic sinus surgery about preoperative and intraoperative processes.

Congenital malformation of lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis

“…Thus basal lamella of the middle nasal concha represents the surgical posterior limit for an anterior ethmoidectomy. Anatomic variations of ethmoid cells have been reported [7][8][9] whereas anterior, middle and posterior ethmoid cells communications with each other through unusual hole noted in this study such congenital malformation of bony orbit have not been reported in the modern medical literature. Such variable bony orbit anatomy helps in understanding the pathophysiology and spread of sinus disease, as well as performing the most complete ethmoid surgery with the least surgical complications.…”

Mechanical Confining of Sinonasal Anatomic Variants by Computer Tomography in Togo

“…Our results are comparable to those found out by Perez-Pinas et al [3] (24.5%), Basi et al [12] (21%) and Jones et al [13] (20%). Higher frequencies were found out by Ka-Planoglu et al [1] (30.4%), Keast et al [14] (29%), Tonai et al [15] (28%), and Azila et al [16] (40.8%). However Bolger et al [17] reported a low frequency of 15.7%.…”

“…Blaugrund et al [4] found out a frequency of 20%. High frequencies were found out by Perez-Pinas et al [3] (55%), Kaplanoglu et al [1] (82%), Danese et al [5] (52%), and Earwaker et al [2] (44%). The low frequency of our study can be explained by the choice of our selection criteria on the deviations of the nasal septum.…”

“…In fact, like some authors [6], we retain a deviation more than 4mm of the middle sagittal line with presence with bone spur as variant. Whereas, Kaplanoglu et al [1] considered any deviation regardless of its scale as a variant. Danese et al [5] considered the three aspects of the deviation as described by Takanishi et al [7].…”

“…They usually present anatomical variants, of which some can expose to infectious risks. The awareness of these variants of infectious risks whose confining mechanism is the narrowing of the maxilla-nasal infundibulum or the middle turbinate [1] is thus necessary.…”