The goal of this study was to assess risk for CIN after CT Scan during an emergency and to identify risk factors for the patient. Prospective review of all patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) of the Teaching Hospital of Lomé (Togo) during a 2-year period. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine by 0.5 mg/dL from admission after undergoing CT Scan with intravenous contrast. A total of 620 patients underwent a CT Scan in the emergency room using intravenous contrast and 672 patients took the CT Scan without intravenous contrast. Out of the patients who received intravenous contrast for CT Scan, three percent of them developed CIN during their admission. Moreover, upon discharge no patient had continued renal impairment. No patient required dialysis during their admission. The multivariate analysis of all patients who had serial creatinine levels (including those who did not receive any contrast load) shows no increased risk for acute kidney injury associated intravenous contrast (odds ratio = 0.619, p value = 0.886); only diabetes remains independent risk factor of acute kidney injury (odds ratio = 6.26, p value = 0.031).

Abstract. Breast cancer in young female patients represents a public health problem in developing countries. The objectives of the study were to study the epidemiological and histological characteristics of breast cancer in female patients under 35 years of age. This was a retrospective analytical study of a series of 158 cases of breast cancer in female patients under 35 years of age, conducted at the University Teaching Hospital of Lomé between 2000 and 2015. A total of 158 cases were collected, representing 36.2% (436) of all breast cancer cases. The average age of the patients was 30.9 years (range, 16-35 years). A family history of breast cancer at the 1st or 2nd degree was identified in 13.9% of cases. Genetic mutation studies were carried out for 7 patients, 5 of which revealed mutations (4 BRCA1 and 1 BRCA2). According to the locus, the cancer was located preferentially in the left breast in 88 cases (55.7%). Malignant mammary lesions were epithelial tumors (n=144 cases, 91.1%), infiltrating (n=125 cases, 79.1%) and non-infiltrating (n=19 cases, 12.0%). The other histological groups consisted of 8 cases of sarcomas (5 cases of angiosarcoma, 2 cases of fibrosarcoma and 1 case of Kaposi's sarcoma), 5 cases of lymphomas and one case of melanoma. Not otherwise specified infiltrating ductal carcinomas were SBR II and III in 43.2 and 35.2% of cases, respectively. The tumors classified as T4 were the most frequent (30.4%). Regarding the lymph node status, lymph node metastasis was noted in 22.8% of cases. Studies of hormone receptors were carried out in 23 patients and were positive for 11 patients: Estrogen receptor (ER)+plus progesterone receptor (PR)+(7 patients), ER+PR-(4 patients). Of the aforementioned 8 cases of sarcoma, 5 were angiosarcoma. The lymphomas were predominantly Burkitt's type for 4 cases. Mammary ultrasonography was performed in 45.6% of the patients and 54.4% underwent the combined ultrasonography and mammography. Ultrasound identified one or more sign of malignancy in 67 patients (42.4%), and combined ultrasonography and mammography classified 51.9% of lesions in BIRADS 4 and 5. The incidence of breast cancer in young Togolese patients is high. It is a disease distinguished by a delay in diagnosis, which contributes to the high number of cases that initially diagnosed at an advanced stage, particularly the high histo-prognosis grades of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. These results indicate a genetic origin; therefore, a thorough investigation into genetic mutations should be carried. In addition, further collaborative studies are required to verify these results.

Background Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is an extremely rare tumor with poorly understood pathogenesis. Case presentation We report a case of a 28-year-old Togolese woman who had consulted for vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. Ultrasound showed thickening of the lining of the endometrium, and biopsy curettage was done. Anatomopathological examination was noteworthy for a proliferation of squamous cells often connected by union bridges arranged in tumor lobules with dyskeratotic maturation. Immunohistochemistry showed epithelial membrane antigen positivity, anti-pancytokeratin 1 markers of tumor cells positivity, chromogranin A negativity, actin negativity, S100 negativity, estrogen receptor negativity, and progesterone receptor negativity. In situ hybridization had objectified human papillomavirus genotypes 16/18. The diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium associated with human papilloma virus was retained. A hysterectomy was performed, and the tumor was classified pT1N0M0. Conclusion The pathogenesis of this endometrial cancer is complex, and its association with human papillomavirus does not explain its genesis.

Le fibromatosis colli (FC) est pseudotumeur rare du muscle sterno-cléido-mastoïdien (SCM), à l'origine d'un torticolis dit congénital chez le nouveau-né ou le nourrisson. Le mécanisme étio-pathogénique de sa survenue est sujet à controverse. Son diagnostic fait appel à l’échographie qui permet de mettre en évidence un épaississement caractéristique du muscle. Nous rapportons deux cas diagnostiqués par l’échographie avec pour un cas une notion de malposition intra-utérine et pour l'autre cas une absence totale de malposition et de traumatisme obstétrical qui pourtant est évoqué comme élément du mécanisme de survenue du FC.

The chest wall tuberculosis abscesses is rare. We present a case of a 27-year-old immunocompetent male who presented chest wall abscesses. Imaging (chest radiographic, ultrasound, and computed tomography) and Ziehl-Neelsen staining demonstrated chest wall tuberculosis abscesses.