An annual assessment of air quality with the CALIOPE modeling system over Spain

Baldasano, J. M.; Pay, María-Teresa; Jorba, Oriol; Gassó, Santiago; Jiménez‐Guerrero, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.041

Cited by 92 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Many other studies argued that chemistry in air quality models performs less biased during daylight (Zanis et al, 2011). At last, biomass burning emissions were not accounted for in our simulations while it is an important contributor to NO 2 burdens, especially for southern stations (Baldasano et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Validation Of the Modeling Systemmentioning

confidence: 93%

On the long-term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air quality

2016

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Abstract. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the impact of urban emission from Central European cities on the present-day regional air quality, the regional climate model RegCM4.2 was coupled with the chemistry transport model CAMx, including two-way interactions. A series of simulations was carried out for the 2001-2010 period either with all urban emissions included (base case) or without considering urban emissions. Further, the sensitivity of ozone production to urban emissions was examined by performing reduction experiments with −20 % emission perturbation of NO x and/or non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC).The modeling system's air quality related outputs were evaluated using AirBase, and EMEP surface measurements showed reasonable reproduction of the monthly variation for ozone (O 3 ), but the annual cycle of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is more biased. In terms of hourly correlations, values achieved for ozone and NO 2 are 0.5-0.8 and 0.4-0.6, but SO 2 is poorly or not correlated at all with measurements (r around 0.2-0.5). The modeled fine particulates (PM 2.5 ) are usually underestimated, especially in winter, mainly due to underestimation of nitrates and carbonaceous aerosols.European air quality measures were chosen as metrics describing the cities emission impact on regional air pollution. Due to urban emissions, significant ozone titration occurs over cities while over rural areas remote from cities, ozone production is modeled, mainly in terms of number of exceedances and accumulated exceedances over the threshold of 40 ppbv. Urban NO x , SO 2 and PM 2.5 emissions also significantly contribute to concentrations in the cities themselves (up to 50-70 % for NO x and SO 2 , and up to 60 % for PM 2.5 ), but the contribution is large over rural areas as well (10-20 %). Although air pollution over cities is largely determined by the local urban emissions, considerable (often a few tens of %) fraction of the concentration is attributable to other sources from rural areas and minor cities. For the case of Prague (Czech Republic capital), it is further shown that the inter-urban interference between large cities does not play an important role which means that the impact on a chosen city of emissions from all other large cities is very small. At last, it is shown that to achieve significant ozone reduction over cities in central Europe, the emission control strategies have to focus on the reduction of NMVOC, as reducing NO x (due to suppressed titration) often leads to increased O 3 . The influence over rural areas is however always in favor of improved air quality, i.e. both NO x and/or NMVOC reduction ends up in decreased ozone pollution, mainly in terms of exceedances.

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Section: The Validation Of the Modeling Systemmentioning

confidence: 93%

On the long-term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air quality

2016

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“…They attributed the negative bias to an underestimation of emission sources in highly polluted regions, which explains our results. In an evaluation of CALIOPE over 68 Spanish monitoring stations for 2004, Baldasano et al 27 identified that NO 2 measurements at urban stations from small and medium-sized cities generally showed poorer agreement with modeled concentration, whereas modeled bias decreased at urban stations located in larger cities, such as Barcelona or Madrid, for which a detailed characterization of emission sources, especially from road traffic, at a higher spatial resolution (1 × 1 km 2 ) was available. Traffic sites in our study were present both in Barcelona and in rural/small town settings (SI Figure S1(b)), thus explaining our results.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Scale Air Pollution Estimation Method Combining Land Use Regression and Chemical Transport Modeling in a Geostatistical Framework

Akita

Baldasano

Beelen

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In recognition that intraurban exposure gradients may be as large as between-city variations, recent air pollution epidemiologic studies have become increasingly interested in capturing within-city exposure gradients. In addition, because of the rapidly accumulating health data, recent studies also need to handle large study populations distributed over large geographic domains. Even though several modeling approaches have been introduced, a consistent modeling framework capturing within-city exposure variability and applicable to large geographic domains is still missing. To address these needs, we proposed a modeling framework based on the Bayesian Maximum Entropy method that integrates monitoring data and outputs from existing air quality models based on Land Use Regression (LUR) and Chemical Transport Models (CTM). The framework was applied to estimate the yearly average NO 2 concentrations over the region of Catalunya in Spain. By jointly accounting for the global scale variability in the concentration from the output of CTM and the intraurban scale variability through LUR model output, the proposed framework outperformed more conventional approaches.

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“…The highest mortality cases are allocated in the autonomous communi ties of Andalusia (AND), Catalonia (CAT) and Madrid (MAD). This is re lated to the presence of large urban centres (i.e., Madrid, Barcelona and Seville) in such communities, their location in high ozone regions in Spain and their high populations (Baldasano et al, 2011;Querol et al, 2014). Additionally, the variations in the emissions of NO x and VOC do not seem to decrease in an analogous pattern, showing a more restric tive control for VOC than for NO x (Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of Impacts On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 90%

An integrated assessment of two decades of air pollution policy making in Spain: Impacts, costs and improvements

Vedrenne

Borge

Lumbreras

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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This paper analyses the effects of policy making for air pollution abatement in Spain between 2000 and 2020 under an integrated assessment approach with the AERIS model for number of pollutants (NO x /NO 2 , PM 10 / PM 2 5 , O 3 , SO 2 , NH 3 and VOC). The analysis of the effects of air pollution focused on different aspects: compliance with the European limit values of Directive 2008/50/EC for NO 2 and PM 10 for the Spanish air quality management areas; the evaluation of impacts caused by the deposition of atmospheric sulphur and nitrogen on ecosystems; the exceedance of critical levels of NO 2 and SO 2 in forest areas; the analysis of O 3 induced crop damage for grapes, maize, potato, rice, tobacco, tomato, watermelon and wheat; health impacts caused by human exposure to O 3 and PM 2 5 ; and costs on society due to crop losses (O 3 ), disability related absence of work staff and damage to build ings and public property due to soot related soiling (PM 2 5 ). In general, air quality policy making has delivered improvements in air quality levels throughout Spain and has mitigated the severity of the impacts on ecosystems health and vegetation in 2020 as target year. The findings of this work constitute an appropriate diagnosis for identifying improvement potentials for further mitigation for policy makers and stakeholders in Spain.

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An annual assessment of air quality with the CALIOPE modeling system over Spain

Cited by 92 publications

References 72 publications

On the long-term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air quality

On the long-term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air quality

Large Scale Air Pollution Estimation Method Combining Land Use Regression and Chemical Transport Modeling in a Geostatistical Framework

An integrated assessment of two decades of air pollution policy making in Spain: Impacts, costs and improvements

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