An Aphid Sex Attractant

Pettersson, Jan

doi:10.1163/187631270x00357

Cited by 244 publications

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“…A 4-way olfactometer (Pettersson, 1970;Vet et al, 1983) was used to test the behavioural response of adult D. tetensi to hostplant odours. The olfactometer comprised of two glass sections measuring 115 mm × 115 mm × 18 mm (width × length × height).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory responses and sensilla morphology of the blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi

Crook

Mordue

1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Olfactory responses of Dasineura tetensi (Rubs) (Diptera; Cecidomyiidae) to leaf volatiles of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) were tested in a 4-way olfactometer. Newly emerged virgin females showed no response to the leaf volatiles emitted from a blackcurrant shoot. Newly emerged males (which are known to respond to a pheromone released by the female) also showed no response to the leaf volatiles. Two hours after mating females responded positively, indicating that leaf volatiles may play a role in host plant finding. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy of the antennae of D. tetensi showed that males and females share five sensillum types; sensilla chaetica (mechanoreceptors), sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, uniporous peg sensilla and circumfila (chemoreceptors). The sensilla chaetica and sensilla trichodea resemble those found on other insects. Sensilla basiconica were found on all antennal subsegments except the tip. These are multiporous receptors with five unbranched dendrites filling the lumen. Small peg sensilla located on the tips of both male and female antennae may function as contact-chemoreceptors. The circumfila, which are a unique type of sensilla found only on cecidomyiid antennae, form loops around each of the antennal subsegments, being attached to the surface by a series of stalks. TEM revealed that each stalk consisted of one sensillum containing a single highly branched dendrite. The distal regions of the walls of each sensillum are fused together to form the circumfila. Circumfila have multiporous walls and a lumen filled with multiple branches of dendrites. Their structure suggests that they are important olfactory receptors in both the male and female.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory responses and sensilla morphology of the blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi

Crook

Mordue

1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…First Gold). The traps operated during July [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]1996 and were emptied and the treatments were rerandomized daily. Numbers of spring migrants of the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli, in the daily trap catches were counted and the data were subjected to ANOVA.…”

Section: Gc-mass Spectrometry (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New roles forcis-jasmone as an insect semiochemical and in plant defense

Birkett

Campbell²,

Chamberlain³

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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388

277

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cis-Jasmone, or (Z)-jasmone, is well known as a component of plant volatiles, and its release can be induced by damage, for example during insect herbivory. Using the olfactory system of the lettuce aphid to investigate volatiles from plants avoided by this insect, (Z)-jasmone was found to be electrophysiologically active and also to be repellent in laboratory choice tests. In field studies, repellency from traps was demonstrated for the damson-hop aphid, and with cereal aphids numbers were reduced in plots of winter wheat treated with (Z)-jasmone. In contrast, attractant activity was found in laboratory and wind tunnel tests for insects acting antagonistically to aphids, namely the seven-spot ladybird and an aphid parasitoid. When applied in the vapor phase to intact bean plants, (Z)-jasmone induced the production of volatile compounds, including the monoterpene (E)-␤-ocimene, which affect plant defense, for example by stimulating the activity of parasitic insects. These plants were more attractive to the aphid parasitoid in the wind tunnel when tested 48 h after exposure to (Z)-jasmone had ceased. This possible signaling role of (Z)-jasmone is qualitatively different from that of the biosynthetically related methyl jasmonate and gives a long-lasting effect after removal of the stimulus. Differential display was used to compare mRNA populations in bean leaves exposed to the vapor of (Z)-jasmone and methyl jasmonate. One differentially displayed fragment was cloned and shown by Northern blotting to be up-regulated in leaf tissue by (Z)-jasmone. This sequence was identified by homology as being derived from a gene encoding an ␣-tubulin isoform.

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“…conspecific mating, attraction, sex pheromone, olfactometer, nepetalactol, nepetalactone, Homoptera, Aphidae, Acyrthosiphon pisurn, Aphis fabae, Megoura viciae lntroduction Pettersson (1970aPettersson ( , 1971 and Marsh (1972) first observed that sexual female aphids (oviparae) released a sex pheromone which attracted males. The pheromone was released from scent plaques on the hind tibiae and detected by olfactory sensilla on male antennae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid sex pheromone components: Age-dependent release by females and species-specific male response

et al. 1990

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SummarySex pheromone released by Megoura viciae oviparae was collected and analysed for the quantity and relative amounts of each of the two biologically active components. Pheromone was not produced until the second day of the adult stadium, increäsing in quantity up to day 6 and then declining. The ratio of (-)-(1R, 4aS, 7S, 7aR)-nepetalactol: (+)-(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone pheromone mixture changed from ca 1:5 on days 2-6 after adult moult to 1:12 on days 7 and 8, but returned to the original composition by day 10.The behaviour of male aphids from three species, Aeyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae, and M. viciae, was observed in an olfactometer and in two mating bioassays, using both synthetic and natural sex pheromone. The two active components were combined in ratios which mimicked the pheromone released by these and other aphid species. It was found that:1. M. viciae males were attracted by the synthetic sex pheromone in the olfactometer, with maximal attraction to the conspecific ratio. On the other hand, A. pisum and A. fabae males did not respond to any pheromone mixtures in the olfactometer. 2. Males of all three species could be induced to attempt copulation with conspecific virginoparae treated with synthetic pheromone (virginoparae reproduce asexually and do not produce the sex pheromone). The response in M. viciae and A. fabae was equivalent to that elicited by natural pheromone released by calling conspecific oviparae, but in A. pisum it was slightly lower. 3. In M. viciae, the relative activities of the nepetalactol and the nepetalactone were reversed in the two assays. Thus the former was more potent in the mating bioassay, the latter in the olfactometer. The nepetalactol appeared to act as an aphrodisiac and the nepetalactone as an attractänt. 4. Mating response was greatest at the species-specific ratio of the two components, but males were also significantly responsive to mixtures mimicking the sex pheromone of other species.The results are discussed in relation to mate seeking, together with the mechanisms involved in speciesspecific mating. Key wordsconspecific mating, attraction, sex pheromone, olfactometer, nepetalactol, nepetalactone, Homoptera, Aphidae, Acyrthosiphon pisurn, Aphis fabae, Megoura viciae lntroduction Pettersson (1970aPettersson ( , 1971 and Marsh (1972) first observed that sexual female aphids (oviparae) released a sex pheromone which attracted males. The pheromone was released from scent plaques on the hind tibiae and detected by olfactory sensilla on male antennae. They also reported that

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An Aphid Sex Attractant

Cited by 244 publications

References 0 publications

Olfactory responses and sensilla morphology of the blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi

Olfactory responses and sensilla morphology of the blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi

New roles forcis-jasmone as an insect semiochemical and in plant defense

Aphid sex pheromone components: Age-dependent release by females and species-specific male response

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