An appraisal of the Caron Zinc Process when zinc ferrite is reduced to a magnetite containing product

Nyirenda, R.L.

doi:10.1016/0892-6875(90)90127-w

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The decomposition of ZnFe 2 O 4 was also reported by other researchers [ 24 , 25 ]. Nyirenda [ 24 ] reported the decomposition of ZnFe 2 O 4 at 750°C using carbon monoxide as the reducing agent. Hua et al .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating

et al. 2017

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This paper aims to study the dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) and zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe2O4) by microwave heating. To achieve this aim, the dielectric properties were measured with an open-ended coaxial method to understand the behaviour of the samples under microwave irradiation. The effects of microwave power, duration time and sample mass on the heating rate, and the effects of the stoichiometric amount of graphite on the reduction of ZnO and decomposition of ZnFe2O4 were investigated. The results show that ZnFe2O4 has significantly higher dielectric properties compared to ZnO. Generally, for both samples, the dielectric values at room temperature were quite low, indicating that both ZnO and ZnFe2O4 are poor microwave absorbers. It was found that the temperatures have a more significant effect on the imaginary permittivities than on the real permittivities. The heating rate showed that the sample temperature increased with increase in microwave power and sample mass. Using 700 W of microwave power and two times the stoichiometric amount of graphite, almost complete reduction of ZnO was achieved in 12 min, while ZnFe2O4 completely decomposed to zincite and wustite in 3 min.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Therefore, two times the stoichiometric amount of graphite is sufficient to achieve the complete reduction of ZnO. The decomposition of ZnFe 2 O 4 was also reported by other researchers [24,25]. Nyirenda [24] reported the decomposition of ZnFe 2 O 4 at 750°C using carbon monoxide as the reducing agent.…”

Section: Zinc Oxidesupporting

confidence: 57%

Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating

et al. 2017

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“…6c indicates that the iron grade of magnetic concentrates increase with the increase of roasting temperature from 650 • C to 750 • C under 2% carbon, but the iron grade decreases at temperature over 700 • C for the generation of Zn-Fe solid solution (Fe 0.85−x Zn x O) according to Eq. (11) [23]. The iron grade decreases when residue roasted at 700 • C and then increases slightly at temperature over 850 • C under 4% carbon due to the formation of metallic iron and volatilization of zinc, which is proved by XRD in the following section.…”

Section: Effect Of Roasting Temperaturementioning

confidence: 77%

“…7c suggest that a fraction of zinc oxide is reduced to metallic zinc or reacts with iron oxide to form Fe 0.85−x Zn x O at high temperature [23]. The chemical combination between zinc and iron makes the separation of iron and zinc by magnetic separation difficult even though the decomposition of zinc ferrite in a higher level.…”

Section: Phase Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of iron from zinc leaching residue by selective reduction roasting with carbon

Peng

Chai

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

101

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“…Nyirenda has reported the decomposition temperature to be 1023 K using carbon monoxide as reducing agent [12]. Hu [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbothermic Reduction of Zinc Ferrite by Microwave Heating

Wang

Srinivasakannan

et al. 2013

High Temperature Materials and Processes

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The kinetics of carbothermic reduction of ZnFe 2 O 4 in the temperature range 823-1223 K, was investigated in a microwave reactor. The mechanism of formation of ZnO and Fe 3 O 4 /FeO by decomposition of ZnFe 2 O 4 was explained using the equilibrium calculations and thermodynamics analysis using HSC chemistry software 6.0. In addition the effect of parameters such as the decomposition temperature, C/ZnFe 2 O 4 ratio, particle size and microwave power were assessed on the decomposition kinetics. Zn recovery as high as 98.83% could be achieved at a decomposition temperature of 1023 K, C/ZnFe 2 O 4 ratio of 1:3, particle size of +74-61 μm and microwave power of 1200 W. The kinetics of decomposition was found to be carbon gasification reaction controlled, with the activation energy of 39.21 kJ/mol.

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An appraisal of the Caron Zinc Process when zinc ferrite is reduced to a magnetite containing product

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating

Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating

Recovery of iron from zinc leaching residue by selective reduction roasting with carbon

Carbothermic Reduction of Zinc Ferrite by Microwave Heating

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