An Effective and Efficient Approach for Radiated Emission Prediction Based on Amplitude-Only Near-Field Measurements

Abstract

A new approach is proposed for modeling electromagnetic emissions of a printed circuit board (PCB) based on amplitude-only near-field measurement data. Magnetic dipoles placed over the top layer of the PCB are introduced as the equivalent of actual radiated sources. A restarted optimization procedure based on a differential evolution algorithm is developed to determine the parameters of the dipoles (number, position, and moment components) via minimizing the difference between the measured magnetic near field and that radiated by the dipoles. These equivalent dipoles can be used to predict the radiated emissions of the PCB once being determined. The proposed approach does not need the phase of the measured near fields, and its computational complexity is very low. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Empirical Emission Eigenmodes of Printed Circuit Boards

“…This accounts for 81% of the variance in the total emitted intensity (stochastic energy). By contrast, the Guttman-Kaiser criterion (λ 2 m > 1) 7 A linear plot did not exhibit points of inflexion. information criterion (AIC), i.e.,…”

Source Separation for Wideband Energy Emissions Using Complex Independent Component Analysis

“…For linear ICA, the necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness and separability of the sources are that the sources be independent, nondegenerate, and that at most one source is Gaussian. 3 Each extracted independent component (IC) represents a set of mutually dependent emitting sources that is maximally independent of all other ICs, based on the observations. The extracted ICs are defined up to an arbitrary permutation (order) and complex scale factor (polarity, amplitude, and phase) [13].…”

“…Since the number of potential emitters is often orders of magnitude larger than the feasible number of scan points in measurements, the experimental determination of the on-board sources is an ill-posed inversion problem in the Hadamard sense (overcomplete or underdetermined system). Moreover, for UWB sources, their locations, orientations, amplitudes, phases, and correlations extracted using equivalent dipole modeling [1]- [3] should ideally be determined at each time instance or frequency. These characteristics may differ widely across frequency and do not necessarily coincide with those of the actual physical sources.…”

An Efficient Method for Modeling the Magnetic Field Emissions of Power Electronic Equipment From Magnetic Near Field Measurements

“…In order to be able to characterize the magnetic field radiated, information about the sources of disturbance is needed. A tool for the diagnosis of radiated electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the measurement in the near field of the magnetic field [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] [9][10][11][12][13] [17][18][19] [21][22][23][24]. This measurement provides information on the emission source, which disappears when the plane wave is formed (far field domain), such as the geometry of the source and the distribution of currents on the conducting surface of the device.…”