An Effective Sar Reduction Technique of a Compact Meander Line Antenna for Wearable Applications

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of human exposure due to electromagnetic fields and to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR). This work focuses on the implementation of different electromagnetic shield materials such as conductive materials, dielectric materials, ferrite materials, and metamaterials that are currently used for SAR reduction. The experimental analysis is performed with the global system for mobile communication (GSM) dipole antenna operating at 900 MHz as its radiation source. The designed dipole is placed in front of a cube with similar dielectric properties of human tissue. The computation, implementation, and evaluation are performed by using the method of moments. Further calculation of SAR reduction factor (SRF), SAR 1 g, gain, directivity, and beamwidth are estimated for 15 different shield materials. There is a need for an ideal shield material that could reduce SAR and does not compromise the performance of the radiation structure. This work investigates and proposes the nanomaterials and composites as suitable shield materials for SAR reduction. This novel approach of implementation of nanomaterials has proved to increase the SRF over 90% than conventional reduction materials. In addition, gain and directivity are also increased by 50% than the existing shield materials. The currently used materials are compared with the proposed nanomaterials, and the results are analyzed. The results indicate that the nanomaterials and its composites are ideal shield material for SAR reduction.

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“…Classification of SAR reduction methods . AMC, artificial magnetic conductor; SAR, specific absorption rate…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rod reflectors are placed near the transmitting antenna; it creates an additional field that compromises the radiation directed toward the human body. Peak SAR absorption is reduced by using multiple rods and is useful for SAR reduction when an antenna is placed near the human head …”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications

Stephen

Hemanth

2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…Current and SAR distribution in human head are studied using an inhomogeneous human head model in [4,5]. Few techniques to reduce SAR such as insertion of meander lines are introduced in [6,7,8]. Meander lines help in reducing the size of the antenna and in also reducing SAR of the antenna [9].…”

Section: Existing Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna u sing ANSYS

Sujatha*,

Saidivya,

Kauser

2019

IJEAT

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This paper presents the design and simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with enhanced results. Antennas are playing the most important key role in wireless communication systems and especially microstrip patch antenna is the simplest and best form for mobile communication systems. Therefore, the design of antenna for mobile satellite communication and space to earth communication is described in this proposed work. The working of rectangular micro strip patch antenna is studied and the effect of height of the substrate on antenna performance is analyzed and the results are plotted. It has been noticed that the height of substrate should be neither small nor large. The effect of inserting a slot in the patch is also observed in this paper. Return Loss results are plotted for the designed structure and it is noticed that return loss is almost doubled by inserting a slot. Further two symmetrical slots are inserted in the patch and the respective results are plotted. Insertion of two slots gave multiple operating frequencies to the antenna with a compromise of s11. The simulation of proposed structures of antennas is done using ANSYS HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator) which is commercially used as a finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures. A sphere with human brain characteristics is created and average SAR (specific absorption ratio) is plotted on the head model. The proposed antenna has enhanced return loss of -52dB and VSWR of 1.005 at 2.24GHz. This work also introduces multiple operating frequencies using two slots of same size.

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“…This fact raised public concern on possible adverse health effect 5 and therefore, the interaction between the EM wave and human body should be taken into consideration while designing an antenna especially for mobile devices. Some studies focus on the impact of human body on antenna performance 6‐8 and specific absorption rate (SAR) at operating frequency covering GSM 1800 band, industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band, and also 4G LTE band 9‐11 . These studies show that the presence of human body in the vicinity of radiation source may results in tissue heating due to the power absorbed by the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low specific absorption rate and gain‐enhanced meandered bowtie antenna utilizing flexible dipole‐like artificial magnetic conductor for medical application at 2.4 GHz

Othman

Samsuri

Rahim

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A flexible meander bowtie antenna incorporated with dipole-like artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. Two different types of AMC design are presented for comparison. A new medical transdermal patch is used as the dielectric substrate for both antenna and AMC. The gain enhancement is achieved using a modified dipole-like unit cell of the AMC. The effect of the substrate thickness and separation distance between the antenna and the AMC is investigated. The results show that the antenna is operating at its original frequency (as in free space) when the antenna-AMC separation distance is more than one-eighth of the wavelength. The directive radiation pattern with high gain is obtained when the flexible antenna is placed above the AMC structure. The AMC increases the antenna's gain by 4.15 and 4.931 dB for single-dipole AMC and double-dipole AMC, respectively. The 10 g specific absorption rate is reduced by 98% and 68% for both simulated and measured results, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed flexible antenna-AMC is suitable for on-body application specifically for continuous health monitoring.

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An Effective Sar Reduction Technique of a Compact Meander Line Antenna for Wearable Applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications

An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications

Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna u sing ANSYS

Low specific absorption rate and gain‐enhanced meandered bowtie antenna utilizing flexible dipole‐like artificial magnetic conductor for medical application at 2.4 GHz

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