An efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cell involving inorganic charge transport layers without a high temperature procedure

Abstract

Despite the successful enhancement in the high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the poor stability of PSCs is one of the major issues preventing their commercialization.

Understanding the role of inorganic carrier transport layer materials and interfaces in emerging perovskite solar cells

“…17 Overall, SiO 239 sufficient optical transparency (refractive index of 2.1-2.7), 240 good ionic conductivity (s = 120 S cm À1 K À1 ), 241 high thermal and chemical stability, ease of processing, low cost, and earth abundance, thereby qualifying as a highly promising ETL material. 235,[242][243][244][245][246][247][248] The low-temperature processing of CeO x (x = 1.81 1C at 100 1C) with an inverted architecture and CeO x (x = 1.87 1C at 150 1C) with a planar device architecture resulted in PCEs of 16.1% and 17.4%, respectively. 235,248 Recently, lower-temperature processed CeO x (at 80 1C) as an ETL was shown to help realize a PCE of 14.6%.…”

Simulation and analysis of lead-free perovskite solar cells incorporating cerium oxide as electron transporting layer

“…The device with CeO x as the ETL had a PCE of 17.47%. 34 In this simulation, CeO x is used as an ETL material due to its tunable broad band gap (3.0-3.6 eV) and outstanding optical and dielectric properties. 35,36 Moreover, CeO x may enhance the stability of the PSC against moisture and oxygen.…”

Inorganic top electron transport layer for high performance inverted perovskite solar cells

“…Besides the common binary metal oxides of ZnO, TiOx, and SnO, other metal oxides, such as CrO 3 , 156 CeOx, 29,34,63,154,168 8 A and B, we can see that CeOx based device has lower trap density than PCBM based device, suggesting better properties of inorganic metal oxide than organic PCBM. Furthermore, the stability of CeOx based PSCs shown much higher stability than PCBM based devices under different conditions.…”

“…Many researchers have continuously worked on finding inorganic alternatives to boost higher PCE and stability with lower cost. Compared with organic top ETL, inorganic top ETL has the advantages of (a) facile fabrication process, 50,64,168,[202][203][204][205] (b) high intrinsic stability, 3,4,18,32,50,[206][207][208][209] (c) easily adjustable optical and electronic properties, 3,28,34,35,42,153,159,208 (d) low-temperature or no post-treatment, 26,41,50,155,168,190,203 (e) low cost, 68,163,187,210,211 (f) additional function as passivate layer. 7,36,175 All the advantages of inorganic top ETL accelerate its application in high-performance inverted PSCs.…”