An elastomeric insole for 3-axis ground reaction force measurement

Lincoln, Lucas; Bamberg, Stacy J. Morris; Parsons, Erin; Salisbury, Curt; Wheeler, Jason W.

doi:10.1109/biorob.2012.6290838

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Lincoln, et al [ 104 ] used five optical tactile sensors embedded in an elastomeric insole to measure the tri-axial

signals. Each sensor is composed of a reflective/absorptive surface, a layer of transparent material, five light sources (emitter) and five light sensors (detector).…”

Section: Methods Based On Tri-axial Force Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Walking Ground Reactions in Real-Life Environments: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Technologies

Shahabpoor

Pavić

2017

Sensors

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Monitoring natural human gait in real-life environments is essential in many applications, including quantification of disease progression, monitoring the effects of treatment, and monitoring alteration of performance biomarkers in professional sports. Nevertheless, developing reliable and practical techniques and technologies necessary for continuous real-life monitoring of gait is still an open challenge. A systematic review of English-language articles from scientific databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, IEEE Xplore, EBSCO and MEDLINE were carried out to analyse the ‘accuracy’ and ‘practicality’ of the current techniques and technologies for quantitative measurement of the tri-axial walking ground reactions outside the laboratory environment, and to highlight their strengths and shortcomings. In total, 679 relevant abstracts were identified, 54 full-text papers were included in the paper and the quantitative results of 17 papers were used for meta-analysis and comparison. Three classes of methods were reviewed: (1) methods based on measured kinematic data; (2) methods based on measured plantar pressure; and (3) methods based on direct measurement of ground reactions. It was found that all three classes of methods have competitive accuracy levels with methods based on direct measurement of the ground reactions showing highest accuracy while being least practical for long-term real-life measurement. On the other hand, methods that estimate ground reactions using measured body kinematics show highest practicality of the three classes of methods reviewed. Among the most prominent technical and technological challenges are: (1) reducing the size and price of tri-axial load-cells; (2) improving the accuracy of orientation measurement using IMUs; (3) minimizing the number and optimizing the location of required IMUs for kinematic measurement; (4) increasing the durability of pressure insole sensors, and (5) enhancing the robustness and versatility of the ground reactions estimation methods to include pathological gaits and natural variability of gait in real-life physical environment.

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“…Lincoln, et al [ 104 ] used five optical tactile sensors embedded in an elastomeric insole to measure the tri-axial

signals. Each sensor is composed of a reflective/absorptive surface, a layer of transparent material, five light sources (emitter) and five light sensors (detector).…”

Section: Methods Based On Tri-axial Force Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Comparison of A-P (X), M-L (Y) and vertical (Z) GRF measured by insole (red dots) with corresponding force-plate data (blue line) (after [ 104 ]). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Walking Ground Reactions in Real-Life Environments: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Technologies

Shahabpoor

Pavić

2017

Sensors

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“…Several pressure-measuring insole designs have been developed. For example, Lincoln et al 6 used insoles with five sensors that used a light emitter and receiver that sensed the proximity of a reflective material to measure three-dimensional ground reaction force. The reported results on a single participant proved promising, achieving errors below 13% when compared to the force platform for the three ground reaction force components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the validity of pressure-measuring insoles in quantifying gait variables

DeBerardinis

Dufek

Trabia

et al. 2018

Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineerin

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Introduction Pressure-measuring insoles can provide a portable alternative to existing gait analysis tools. However, there is disagreement among researchers on their accuracy and the appropriate calibration methods. The purposes of this study were to (1) determine the validity of pressure-measuring insoles for calculating stance time and support-phase impulse during walking using two calibration procedures, and (2) examine the effect of insole size on the results. Methods Data were collected from 39 participants (23.5 ± 3.24 yrs, 66.7 ± 17.5 kg, 1.64 ± 0.09 m), each wearing appropriately sized insoles as they walked over two consecutive force platforms. Two calibration methods were evaluated: (1) manufacturer’s recommendation, and (2) a participant weight-based approach. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were conducted. Results The results indicated that the insoles measured longer stance times than the force platform (differences are less than 10%). Both calibration methods resulted in inaccurate impulse values (differences are 30 and 50% for the two calibration methods, respectively). The results showed that when using the first calibration method, impulse values depended on insole size. The second calibration consistently underestimated the impulse. Conclusions It was concluded that while the insoles provide acceptable qualitative representation of the gait, the two studied calibration methods may lead to a misleading quantitative assessment.

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“…Howell et al 's study demonstrated that the GRF measurements obtained with an insole containing 12 capacitive sensors showed a high correlation to the simultaneous measurements from a clinical motion analysis laboratory [ 55 ]. Another innovative system was created by Lincoln et al [ 56 ], using reflected light intensity to detect the proximity of a reflective material, and was sensitive to normal and shear loads.…”

Section: Survey Of Objective Techniques Used For Gait Measuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait Analysis Methods: An Overview of Wearable and Non-Wearable Systems, Highlighting Clinical Applications

Muro-de-la-Herran

Garcia‐Zapirain

Zorrilla

2014

Sensors

915

602

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This article presents a review of the methods used in recognition and analysis of the human gait from three different approaches: image processing, floor sensors and sensors placed on the body. Progress in new technologies has led the development of a series of devices and techniques which allow for objective evaluation, making measurements more efficient and effective and providing specialists with reliable information. Firstly, an introduction of the key gait parameters and semi-subjective methods is presented. Secondly, technologies and studies on the different objective methods are reviewed. Finally, based on the latest research, the characteristics of each method are discussed. 40% of the reviewed articles published in late 2012 and 2013 were related to non-wearable systems, 37.5% presented inertial sensor-based systems, and the remaining 22.5% corresponded to other wearable systems. An increasing number of research works demonstrate that various parameters such as precision, conformability, usability or transportability have indicated that the portable systems based on body sensors are promising methods for gait analysis.

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An elastomeric insole for 3-axis ground reaction force measurement

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Measurement of Walking Ground Reactions in Real-Life Environments: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Technologies

Measurement of Walking Ground Reactions in Real-Life Environments: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Technologies

Assessing the validity of pressure-measuring insoles in quantifying gait variables

Gait Analysis Methods: An Overview of Wearable and Non-Wearable Systems, Highlighting Clinical Applications

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