An Energy Balanced and Lifetime Extended Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Wang, Hao; Wang, Shilian; Er-yang, Zhang; Lu, Luxi

doi:10.3390/s18051596

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The onboard battery replacement of wireless nodes is not possible in most applications and deployment environments [28]. The energy balanced and lifetime extended routing protocol (EBLE) scheme was proposed by Wang et al [29], to prolong the network lifetime of WSNs. They used residual energy of ordinary nodes to balance network traffic and maximize its lifespan.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Proficient Load Balancing Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks to Maximize Their Lifespan in an Operational Environment

et al. 2020

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Owing to the limited resources of sensor nodes, we propose an efficient hybrid routing scheme using a dynamic cluster-based static routing protocol (DCBSRP), leveraging the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol and low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. In the proposed scheme, the cluster head (CH) nodes are formed dynamically for a fixed interval, whereas static routing is applied in the designated clusters by utilizing the AODV routing protocol. The static routing condition of the proposed scheme limits all connected nodes of the cluster for a defined interval of time (T) to share their collected information through a specific CH node. Once the time (T) interval is completed, all ordinary nodes connected with the specific CH are released and they are free to advertise their CH candidateship within the network. Likewise, the node receiving the maximum number of route replies (RREPs) is selected as the next CH node in the vicinity of deployed sensor nodes. However, with the DCBSRP protocol, the recently selected CH node does not advertise its candidateship for five consecutive cycles and acts as an ordinary node. The simulation result shows significant improvement in the lifetime and participation of ordinary nodes in the network until the end-stage of the network. In the proposed scheme, the participation of ordinary nodes in the network is 95.9 %, which not only balances load between participating nodes but also improves the network lifetime in the presence of field-proven schemes. Moreover, the simulation results show an out-performance of rival schemes in terms of communication cost, end to end delay, throughput, packet lost ratio, and energy consumption.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Proficient Load Balancing Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks to Maximize Their Lifespan in an Operational Environment

et al. 2020

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“…The works [6,7,8,9] proposed different schemes to enhance the energy-efficiency. The works in [6,7] have used the multi-hop techniques.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both works [6,7] achieve their objectives; however, end-to-end delay is compromised. The authors in works [8,9] mainly focus on reliability by covering one-hop from the forwarder node. The proposed scheme EBLE from the work [8] aims to minimize the energy dissipation with packet size management.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic and Opportunistic Recovery with Depth and Power Transmission Adjustment for Energy-Efficiency and Void Hole Alleviation in UWSNs

Mateen

Awais

Javaid

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are promising and emerging frameworks having a wide range of applications. The underwater sensor deployment is beneficial; however, some factors limit the performance of the network, i.e., less reliability, high end-to-end delay and maximum energy dissipation. The provisioning of the aforementioned factors has become a challenging task for the research community. In UWSNs, battery consumption is inevitable and has a direct impact on the performance of the network. Most of the time energy dissipates due to the creation of void holes and imbalanced network deployment. In this work, two routing protocols are proposed to avoid the void hole and extra energy dissipation problems which, due to which lifespan of the network increases. To show the efficacy of the proposed routing schemes, they are compared with the state of the art protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes outperform the counterparts.

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“…Besides, recharging the battery for a sensor node deployed under water for communication is a very laborious task [19], so the limited energy restricts the network lifetime of UASNs, which makes it important to find routing protocols that extend the network lifetime. Energy Balanced and Lifetime Extended Routing (EBLE) protocol is proposed in [20]. This protocol, which selects the forwarding relays with high residual energy and relatively low-cost paths based on the cost function and residual energy level information, not only balances the traffic load with the remaining energy but also optimizes the data transmission by selecting the routing path with low cost.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy-Efficient and Obstacle-Avoiding Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Jin

Ding

2018

Sensors

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Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) have become one of the promising technologies for exploring underwater natural resources and collecting scientific data from the aquatic environment. As obstacles hinder the communications among sensor nodes in UASNs, designing an effective bypass routing protocol to avoid obstacles is an urgent need. Moreover, the sensor nodes are typically powered by batteries, which are difficult to replace, restricting the network lifetime of UASNs. In this paper, an Energy-efficient and Obstacle-Avoiding Routing protocol (EOAR) is proposed not only to address the issue of marine animals acting as obstacles that interfere with communications, but also to balance the network energy according to the residual energy. In the EOAR protocol, when the current node perceives the existence of marine animals, the interference area of the animal-nodes is first calculated using the underwater acoustic channel model, and then the candidate forwarding relay set of the current node is obtained according to the constraint conditions. The optimal candidate forwarding relay is determined by a fuzzy logic-based forwarding relay selection scheme based on considering the three parameters of the candidate forwarding relay, which includes the propagation delay, the included angle between two neighbor nodes, and the residual energy. Furthermore, in order to solve the problem of energy waste caused by packet collision, we use a priority-based forwarding method to schedule the packet transmission from the candidate forwarding relay to the destination node. The proposed EOAR protocol is simulated on the Aqua-sim platform and the simulation results show that proposed protocol can increase the packet delivery ratio by 28.4% and 11.8% and can reduce the energy consumption by 53.4% and 32.7% and, respectively, comparing with the hop-by-hop vector-based forwarding routing protocol (HHVBF) and void handling using geo-opportunistic routing protocol (VHGOR).

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An Energy Balanced and Lifetime Extended Routing Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

An Energy Proficient Load Balancing Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks to Maximize Their Lifespan in an Operational Environment

An Energy Proficient Load Balancing Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks to Maximize Their Lifespan in an Operational Environment

Geographic and Opportunistic Recovery with Depth and Power Transmission Adjustment for Energy-Efficiency and Void Hole Alleviation in UWSNs

An Energy-Efficient and Obstacle-Avoiding Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

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