An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments

Liptzin, Daniel; Norris, Charlotte E.; Cappellazzi, Shannon B.; Bean, G. Mac; Cope, Michael; Greub, Kelsey L.H.; Rieke, Elizabeth L.; Tracy, P. W.; Aberle, Ezra; Ashworth, Amanda J.; Tavarez, Oscar Bañuelos; Bary, Andy I.; Baumhardt, R. Louis; Gracia, Alberto Borbón; Brainard, Daniel C.; Brennan, Jameson R.; Reyes, Dolores Briones; Bruhjell, Darren; Carlyle, Cameron N.; Crawford, James J.W.; Creech, Cody F.; Culman, Steve W.; Deen, Bill; Dell, Curtis J.; Derner, Justin D.; Ducey, Thomas F.; Duiker, Sjoerd W.; Dyck, Miles; Ellert, Benjamin H.; Entz, Martin H.; Solorio, Avelino Espinosa; Fonte, Steven J.; Fonteyne, Simon; Fortuna, Ann‐Marie; Foster, Jamie L.; Fultz, Lisa M.; Gamble, Audrey V.; Geddes, Charles M.; Griffin‐LaHue, Deirdre; Grove, John H.; Hamilton, Stephen K.; Hao, Xiying; Hayden, Zachary D.; Honsdorf, Nora; Howe, Julie A.; Ippolito, James A.; Johnson, Gregg A.; Kautz, Mark A.; Kitchen, Newell R.; Kumar, Sandeep; Kurtz, Kirsten S.M.; Larney, Francis J.; Lewis, Katie L.; Liebman, Matt; Ramírez, Andrés María; Machado, Stephen; Maharjan, Bijesh; Gamiño, Miguel Ángel Martínez; May, William E.; McClaran, Mitchel P.; McDaniel, Marshall D.; Millar, N.; Mitchell, Jeffrey P.; Moore, Amber; Moore, P.; Gutiérrez, Manuel Mora; Nelson, Kelly A.; Omondi, Emmanuel C.; Osborne, Shannon L.; Alcalá, Leodegario Osorio; Owens, Phillip R.; Pena‐Yewtukhiw, E. M.; Poffenbarger, Hanna J.; Lira, Brenda Ponce; Reeve, Jennifer R.; Reinbott, Timothy M.; Reiter, Mark S.; Ritchey, Edwin L.; Roozeboom, Kraig L.; Rui, Yichao; Sadeghpour, Amir; Sainju, Upendra M.; Sanford, Gregg R.; Schillinger, William F.; Schindelbeck, Robert R.; Schipanski, Meagan; Schlegel, Alan J.; Scow, Kate M.; Sherrod, Lucretia A.; Shober, Amy L.; Sidhu, Sudeep S.; Moya, Ernesto Solís; Luce, Mervin St.; Strock, Jeffrey S.; Suyker, Andrew E.; Sykes, Virginia R.; Tao, Haiying; Campos, Alberto Trujillo; Eerd, Laura L. Van; Verhulst, Nele; Vyn, Tony J.; Wang, Yutao; Watts, Dexter B.; Wright, David L.; Zhang, Tiequan; Morgan, Cristine L.S.; Honeycutt, C. Wayne

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108708

Cited by 108 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The general lack of annual crop rotation effect was consistent a North American-wide assessment of SOM (Liptzin et al 2021;Rieke et al 2021). We suggest that the quantity of carbon inputs (i.e., higher inputs with maize) and the duration of carbon inputs (i.e., continuous living plants, alfalfa) are more important than the number of crop species rotated.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Identifying rotation and tillage practices that maintain or enhance soil carbon and its relation to soil health

et al. 2023

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Physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) are established indicators of managementinduced change and have been used to estimate the soil carbon storage capacity and storage potential. Here, we use SOM physical fractions and soil textures to identify management practices that maintain or enhance soil health and carbon storage in agricultural soils in Ontario.Metadata from the National Soil Database were used to estimate carbon storage potentials and calculate carbon deficits. A map was created showing carbon deficits in Ontario's agricultural soils and indicates these soils have the potential to store an additional 0 to 2 kg m -2 in the top 20 cm of the soil. Tillage system generally had no effect on the size of the carbon deficit at four long-term agricultural experiments (Delhi, Elora, Ottawa and Ridgetown). There was only a significant tillage effect at Ridgetown and only in the maize-soybean crop rotation, where the

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Identifying rotation and tillage practices that maintain or enhance soil carbon and its relation to soil health

et al. 2023

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“…The management cluster crop-high-org-input represented a combination of the regenerative practices no-till and high organic inputs and showed significantly higher values for TOC, C:N ratio, infiltration rates, and earthworms than other clusters. Similar correlations have been reported by Liptzin et al (2022), who found that C-related indicators correlated with each other and responded positively to the amount of OM addition. OM addition is a regenerative practice suggested for carbon capture and storage, with additional benefits of soil and biodiversity restoration (EASAC, 2022).…”

Section: The Influence Of Management On Soil Health Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 88%

The potential of regenerative agriculture to improve soil health on Gotland, Sweden

Daverkosen

Holzknecht

Friedel

et al. 2022

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background: Regenerative agriculture has gained attention in mainstream media, academic literature, and international politics in recent years. While many practices and outcomes relate to RA, there is no uniform definition of the term, and only a few comprehensive scientific studies exist of "real-life" farms and the complexity of what is considered regenerative management and its impact on soil health. Aims:This study aimed to relate the impact of single and various combinations of regenerative management practices to soil health indicators on Gotland, Sweden.Methods: Soil health of 17 farm fields and six gardens was assessed on 11 farms that had applied regenerative agricultural practices for zero to 30 years. We measured a variety of physical (bulk density , infiltration rate, wet aggregate stability, root depth and abundance, penetration resistance), chemical (pH, electric conductivity, C:N ratio, total organic carbon ) and biological (earthworm abundance, active carbon, microbial biomass carbon) soil indicators. These parameters were related to regenerative practices (reduced tillage, application of organic matter , livestock integration, crop diversity, and share of legumes and perennials) through a combination of hierarchical clustering, Analysis of Variance and Tukey's tests, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regressions.Results: At our study sites, the application of organic matter had a positive impact on bulk density, carbon-related parameters, wet aggregate stability, and infiltration rate, while reduced tillage and increased share of perennials combined had a positive impact on vegetation density, root abundance and depth, and wet aggregate stability. The field plots were divided into four clusters according to their management, and we found significantly higher values of total organic carbon (*), C:N (*), infiltration rate (**), and earthworm abundance (*) for crop-high-org-input, the management cluster with highest values of organic matter application and no tillage. We found significantly higher values of vegetation density (***) and root abundance (**) for perm-cover-livestock, the cluster with no tillage, integration of livestocks, and permanent cover (*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, • p > 0.1). Conclusions:We support existing knowledge on positive impacts of regenerative practices, namely, the addition of an organic amendment that improved C-related parameters,This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…Furthermore, WSA ARS and WSA CASH were negatively related to mean annual air temperature, which is also known to influence soil organic carbon at the continental scale (Nunes et al, 2020). Thus, the influences of air temperature and precipitation on aggregate stability are likely driven by changes in soil organic C (Liptzin et al, 2022), with cooler temperatures and greater precipitation being related to greater aggregate stability.…”

Section: Influence Of Inherent Soil Properties and Climatementioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Aggregate Stability Methods for Soil Health

Rieke¹,

Bagnall²,

Morgan³

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments

Cited by 108 publications

References 104 publications

Identifying rotation and tillage practices that maintain or enhance soil carbon and its relation to soil health

Identifying rotation and tillage practices that maintain or enhance soil carbon and its relation to soil health

The potential of regenerative agriculture to improve soil health on Gotland, Sweden

Evaluation of Aggregate Stability Methods for Soil Health

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