An Evaluation of Modeled Plume Injection Height with Satellite-Derived Observed Plume Height

Raffuse, S. M.; Craig, K.J.; Larkin, Narasimhan K.; Strand, Tara; Sullivan, Dana Coe; Wheeler, Neil; Solomon, Robert C.

doi:10.3390/atmos3010103

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…fed.us/pnw/fera/feps/index.shtml), which complements them with a comprehensive fire description. However, evaluation of the system performance against MISR by Raffuse et al (2012) confirmed limited applicability of Briggs formulations to wildland fires, in agreement with conclusions of Sofiev et al (2012). An evaluation and some improvements of the technique were suggested by Stein et al (2009) based on dispersion modelling of a few plumes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Global mapping of maximum emission heights and resulting vertical profiles of wildfire emissions

et al. 2013

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The problem of characteristic vertical profile of smoke released from wildland fires is considered. A methodology for bottom-up evaluation of this profile is suggested and a corresponding global dataset is calculated. The profile estimation is based on: (i) a semi-empirical formula for plume-top height recently suggested by the authors, (ii) satellite observations of active wildland fires, and (iii) meteorological conditions evaluated for each fire using output of the numerical weather prediction model. Injection profiles of the plumes from all fires recorded globally from March 2000 till November 2012 are estimated with a time step of 1 h. The resulting 4-dimensional dataset is split into daytime and nighttime subsets. The subsets are projected onto a global grid with a resolution of 1° × 1° × 500 m, aggregated to a monthly level, and normalised by total emissions in each vertical column. Evaluation of the obtained dataset was performed in several ways. Firstly, the quality of the semi-empirical formula for plume-top computations was evaluated using updated MISR fire Plume Height Project data. Secondly, the upper percentiles of the profiles are compared with an independent dataset of space lidar CALIOP. Thirdly, the results are compared with the distribution suggested for AEROCOM modelling community. Finally, the inter-annual variations of the calculated profiles are estimated

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Global mapping of maximum emission heights and resulting vertical profiles of wildfire emissions

et al. 2013

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“…However, this "thermal" approach is numerically cost consuming and difficult to use, being very sensitive to the chosen input parameters. Finally, some vertical profiles are close to the vertical diffusivity profile (K z ) shape with the maximum of injection at the height H p /2, such as in Raffuse et al (2012) and Veira et al (2015).…”

Section: The Vertical Profile Of Biomass Burning Aerosol Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Impact of biomass burning on pollutant surface concentrations in megacities of the Gulf of Guinea

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In the framework of the Dynamics-AerosolChemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project, the tropospheric chemical composition in large cities along the Gulf of Guinea is studied using the Weather and Research Forecast and CHIMERE regional models. Simulations are performed for the May-July 2014 period, without and with biomass burning emissions. Model results are compared to satellite data and surface measurements. Using numerical tracer release experiments, it is shown that the biomass burning emissions in Central Africa are impacting the surface aerosol and gaseous species concentrations in Gulf of Guinea cities such as Lagos (Nigeria) and Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Depending on the altitude of the injection of these emissions, the pollutants follow different pathways: directly along the coast or over land towards the Sahel before being vertically mixed in the convective boundary layer and transported to the south-west and over the cities. In July 2014, the maximum increase in surface concentrations due to fires in Central Africa is ≈ 150 µg m −3 for CO, ≈ 10 to 20 µg m −3 for O 3 and ≈ 5 µg m −3 for PM 10 . The analysis of the PM 10 chemical composition shows that this increase is mainly related to an increase in particulate primary and organic matter.

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“…When used with wildfires, they generally fail to predict large fire impact, certainly because of their weak representation of microphysical processes (Achtemeier et al, 2011) which affect the simulation of PyroCu and PyroCb plumes. For example, using the Briggs equation and the CMAQ model to simulate fires emission in the USA between 2006 and 2008, Raffuse et al (2012) show that most of their plumes where below the level expected from remote-sensing measurement. At present, three parameterizations of plume rise model stand out of the literature, namely Freitas et al (2007), Rio et al (2010), and Sofiev et al (2012).…”

Section: Injh Models Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Landscape fires produce smoke containing a very wide variety of chemical species, both gases and aerosols. For larger, more intense fires that produce the greatest amounts of emissions per unit time, the smoke tends initially to be transported vertically or semi-vertically close by the source region, driven by the intense heat and convective energy released by the burning vegetation. The column of hot smoke rapidly entrains cooler ambient air, forming a rising plume within which the fire emissions are transported. The characteristics of this plume, and in particular the height to which it rises before releasing the majority of the smoke burden into the wider atmosphere, are important in terms of how the fire emissions are ultimately transported, since for example winds at different altitudes may be quite different. This difference in atmospheric transport then may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents, with for example very high plume injection heights being associated with extreme long-range atmospheric transport. Here we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in largerscale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system. In particular we detail (i) satellite Earth observation data sets capable of being used to remotely assess wildfire plume height distributions and (ii) the driving characteristics of the causal fires. We also discuss both the physical mechanisms and dynamics taking place in fire plumes and investigate the efficiency and limitations of currently available injection height parameterizations. Finally, we conclude by suggesting some future parameterization developments and ideas on Earth observation data selection that may be relevant to the instigation of enhanced methodologies aimed at injection height representation.

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An Evaluation of Modeled Plume Injection Height with Satellite-Derived Observed Plume Height

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Global mapping of maximum emission heights and resulting vertical profiles of wildfire emissions

Global mapping of maximum emission heights and resulting vertical profiles of wildfire emissions

Impact of biomass burning on pollutant surface concentrations in megacities of the Gulf of Guinea

A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models

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