1982
DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000053622
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An evaluation of protozoal characteristics in relation to biological control of pests

Abstract: SUMMARYOf the unicellular eukaryotes, formerly Protozoa, now considered to belong to five separate phyla, only the neogregarines and microsporidia are serious contenders for a role in biological control of invertebrate pests. Ciliates of the genus Lambornella, which penetrate their hosts via cuticular cysts, have potential in mosquito control but have not been investigated in depth.‘Protozoa’ generally kill their hosts by overwhelming numbers, destroying the normal function of organs or depleting the host of e… Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…Larger crabs had a lower prevalence, with crabs of legal commercial size ( > l 6 cm CW) collected from estuaries rarely infected (3/105). This decline in infection rate with size may be d u e to the high mortality caused by the disease (Childers 1994), which is characteristic of microsporidian diseases (Sprague & Vavra 1976, Canning 1982. The loss of infected crabs may occur either by direct mortality, by starvation d u e to a reduction in their ability to capture prey because of muscle degradation, or by an inability to evade predators due to muscle breakdown.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Larger crabs had a lower prevalence, with crabs of legal commercial size ( > l 6 cm CW) collected from estuaries rarely infected (3/105). This decline in infection rate with size may be d u e to the high mortality caused by the disease (Childers 1994), which is characteristic of microsporidian diseases (Sprague & Vavra 1976, Canning 1982. The loss of infected crabs may occur either by direct mortality, by starvation d u e to a reduction in their ability to capture prey because of muscle degradation, or by an inability to evade predators due to muscle breakdown.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mass of spores observed in the ovaries further suggests that transmission may be transovarial. However, eggs could also be infected in the passage from the ovary to the brood chamber (transovum infection, Canning, 1982). Conclusive evidence should include ultrastructural analyses of infected D. magna ovaries.…”
Section: Mechanisms Of Vertical Transmissionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The different modes of pathogen transmission can be divided into two categories: horizontal and vertical transmission. Horizontal transmission refers to parasite transmission between individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission refers to that from parent to offspring (Canning, 1982). Compared with horizontal transmission, vertical parasite transmission is expected to select for decreased virulence.…”
Section: Disease Virulence and Pathogen Transmissionmentioning
confidence: 99%