An evaluation of the Clearwater River supplementation program in western Washington

Sharma, Rishi; Morishima, Gary; Wang, Shizhen; Talbot, A.; Gilbertson, Larry

doi:10.1139/f05-228

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Alternatively, significant benefits from salmonid supplementation programs have been reported (e.g. Sharma et al 2006;Berejikian et al 2008;Small et al 2009). Because supplementation is a human enterprise, social and economic values along with biological considerations will determine whether it is instituted, maintained or stopped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream

et al. 2011

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In 1997 the Cle Elum Supplementation Research Facility was established to enhance spring Chinook salmon returning to the upper Yakima River, Washington State. This effort increased spring Chinook abundance, yet conditions at the hatchery also significantly elevated the occurrence of jacks and yearling precocious males. The potential genetic effect that a large influx of early maturing males might have on the upper Yakima River spring Chinook population was examined in an artificial stream. Seven independent groups of fish were placed into the stream from 2001 through 2005. Males with four different life history strategies, large anadromous, jacks, yearling precocious, and sub-yearling precocious were used. Their breeding success or ability to produce offspring was estimated by performing DNA-based pedigree assessments. Large anadromous males spawned with the most females and produced the greatest number of offspring per mate. Jacks and yearling precocious males spawned with more females than sub-yearling precocious males. However, jacks, yearling and sub-yearling precocious males obtained similar numbers of fry per mate. In the test groups, large anadromous males produced 89%, jacks 3%, yearling precocious 7%, and sub-yearling precocious 1% of the fry. These percentages remained stable even though the proportion of large anadromous males in the test groups ranged from 48% to 88% and tertiary sex ratios varied from 1.4 to 2.4 males per female. Our data suggest that large anadromous males generate most of the fry in natural settings when half or more of the males present on a spawning ground use this life history strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream

et al. 2011

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“…The magnitude of impacts on wild population abundance and productivity of course also depends on the relative abundance of the populations: even poorly adapted fish can have a large impact if released in very large numbers and over long periods of time. Empirical studies have found evidence for reduced productivity in some mixed wild‐cultured salmonid populations, but not in others (Chilcote, 2003; Sharma et al , 2006; Araki et al , 2007 a , b ).…”

Section: Cultured Fish In Natural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultured fish: integrative biology and management of domestication and interactions with wild fish

2012

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Fish aquaculture for commodity production, fisheries enhancement and conservation is expanding rapidly, with many cultured species undergoing inadvertent or controlled domestication. Cultured fish are frequently released, accidentally and deliberately, into natural environments where they may survive well and impact on wild fish populations through ecological, genetic, and technical interactions. Impacts of fish released accidentally or for fisheries enhancement tend to be negative for the wild populations involved, particularly where wild populations are small, and/or highly adapted to local conditions, and/or declining. Captive breeding and supplementation can play a positive role in restoring threatened populations, but the biology of threatened populations and the potential of culture approaches for conserving them remain poorly understood. Approaches to the management of domestication and cultured-wild fish interactions are often ad hoc, fragmented and poorly informed by current science. We develop an integrative biological framework for understanding and managing domestication and cultured-wild fish interactions. The framework sets out how management practices in culture and for cultured fish in natural environments affect domestication processes, interactions between cultured and wild fish, and outcomes in terms of commodity production, fisheries yield, and conservation. We also develop a typology of management systems (specific combinations of management practices in culture and in natural environments) that are likely to provide positive outcomes for particular management objectives and situations. We close by setting out avenues for further research that will simultaneously improve fish domestication and management of cultured-wild fish interactions and provide key insights into fundamental biology.

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“…The CESRF integrated program is one of only a few studied hatchery programs that use 100% natural-origin fish for broodstock (Sharma et al 2006;Berejikian et al 2009;Hess et al 2012). This precludes fish from exposure to hatchery rearing over sequential generations, permitting natural selective Downloaded by [Universite Laval] at 11:42 04 October 2015 forces to act on fitness-related traits that might be altered during hatchery rearing, thus potentially helping to maintain the genetic integrity of the integrated natural population (Goodman 2004; Mobrand et al 2005;Paquet et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have reported fitness differences, though these are attributed in part to nonheritable environmental effects (Knudsen et al 2006;Beacham 2010;Chittenden et al 2010;Gow et al 2011;Thériault et al 2011;Ford et al 2012;Gallinat and Chang 2013). Still other studies have reported few or no negative effects on fitness due to hatchery influence (Heggenes et al 2006;Sharma et al 2006;Araki et al 2007a;Schroder et al 2008Schroder et al , 2010Berejikian et al 2009;Hess et al 2012;Anderson et al 2013). The differences in these results could be due to limitations of study design; many of these studies were not capable of distinguishing genetic from environmental effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Synthesis of Findings from an Integrated Hatchery Program after Three Generations of Spawning in the Natural Environment

et al. 2015

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The Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility in the Yakima River basin, Washington, is an integrated spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha hatchery program designed to test whether artificial propagation can increase natural production and harvest opportunities while keeping ecological and genetic impacts within acceptable limits. Only natural‐origin (naturally spawned) fish are used for hatchery broodstock. Spawning, incubation, and early rearing occur at a central facility; presmolts are transferred for final rearing, acclimation, and volitional release at sites adjacent to natural spawning areas, where returning adults can spawn with natural‐origin fish. The first wild broodstock were collected in 1997, and age‐4 adults have returned to the Yakima River since 2001. An unsupplemented population in the adjacent Naches River watershed provides a reference for evaluating environmental influences. The program has been comprehensively monitored from its inception. A synthesis of findings, many already published, is as follows: supplementation increased the harvest, redd counts, and spatial distribution of spawners; natural‐origin returns were maintained; straying to nontarget systems was negligible; natural‐origin females had slightly higher breeding success (production of surviving fry) in an artificial spawning channel, while the behavior and breeding success of natural‐ and hatchery‐origin males were similar; hatchery‐origin fish showed differences in morphometric and life history traits; high rates of hatchery age‐2 (minijack) production were reported, but the observed proportions of out‐migrating juvenile and adult (ages 4 and 5) returning males were comparable for hatchery‐ and natural‐origin fish; hatchery smolts did not affect the levels of pathogens in natural smolts; and the ecological interactions attributed to the program were within adopted guidelines. Continued study is required to assess the long‐term impacts on natural production and productivity.

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An evaluation of the Clearwater River supplementation program in western Washington

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream

Breeding success of four male life history types of spring Chinook Salmon spawning in an artificial stream

Cultured fish: integrative biology and management of domestication and interactions with wild fish

A Synthesis of Findings from an Integrated Hatchery Program after Three Generations of Spawning in the Natural Environment

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