An experimental and analytical analysis on chip morphology, phase transformation, oxidation, and their relationships in finish hard milling

Zhang, Song; Guo, Y. B.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.06.006

Cited by 69 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The chip colors were not entirely due to different oxidation states of the iron, and the oxidation of the alloying elements also makes some contribution to the variation in chip colors. 27 The EDS analysis of chip materials could provide support for the possibility of chemical reaction and chip color variation previously discussed in the text.…”

Section: Analysis Of Chip Corresponding To Finish Milling Conditionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Meanwhile, the chemical reaction between the existing reactive gas in the air and the metal materials under the condition of high temperature would happen, and iron oxides may probably be generated. 27 According to the EDS analysis of the chip materials, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, the distribution of elements could be detected. The potential chemical reactions are presented in equations (2)-(5), and the potential chemical compounds generated during chip formation process are shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Chip Morphologies and Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chip material is likely to be changed under the condition of sufficient oxygen. Hence, the chip color is closely linked with oxidation compositions, such as different oxidation states of the iron and oxidation of the alloying elements, within the main body of chip 27. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation on the chip formation concerning tool inclination angles in ball end milling of H13 die steel

Chen

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Widespread application of ball end milling operation is an outstanding characteristic in the field of manufacturing of die and molds. Tool inclination angles, which could improve the cutting performance of ball end mill, are critical factor in the ball end milling process, and also chip formation is one of the most important phenomena in the machining process. Numerical simulation, geometric analysis, observation by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis were adopted to study the chip formation during ball end milling of H13 die steels involving tool inclination angles in this work. The theoretical uncut chip geometry and tool-work contact zone were analyzed by computer-aided modeling technology. Finite element modeling of chip formation process involving tool inclination angles was performed, and variations of the maximum chip temperature which could provide assistant understanding of practical chip formation were analyzed. This article also investigated the practical chip morphologies, chip color, and the cutting characteristics under different process conditions and tool inclination angles. The optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to capture the micro-photos of the chips under different process parameters, and the chip color and chip morphologies were discussed together with the cutting characteristics with regard to various process parameters. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the chip free surface and back surface was also carried out for some special tool inclination angles. Deep understanding of the chip formation in multi-axis milling process was enhanced, and the research work could provide support for the selection of process parameters to some extent.

show abstract

Section: Analysis Of Chip Corresponding To Finish Milling Conditionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Chip Morphologies and Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation on the chip formation concerning tool inclination angles in ball end milling of H13 die steel

Chen

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hard milling, i.e., milling alloys steels at hardened state (40-60 HRc), provides substantial potential advantages of hard milling over traditional EDM or grinding in terms of reduction of machining costs, lead time and number of necessary machine tools, increase of material removal rate, elimination of part distortion by heat treatment, as well as improved surface integrity. Hard milling has emerged as a competitive finish or semi-finish technology in the manufacture of dies and molds (Zhang and Guo, 2009a).…”

Section: Machining Of Hardened and Difficult Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Integrity Characterization and Prediction in Machining of Hardened and Difficult-to-Machine Alloys: A State-of-Art Research Review and Analysis

Guo

Jawahir

2009

Machining Science and Technology

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a review of the state-of-art research on surface integrity characterization, especially the characteristics of residual stresses produced in machining of hardened steels, titanium and nickel-based superalloys using the geometrically defined tools. The interrelationships among residual stresses, microstructures, and tool-wear have been discussed. Current research on residual stress modeling and simulation using finite element method has been critically assessed. Also, the rationale for developing multi-scale simulation models for predicting residual stresses in machining has been presented. At the end, possible future work has been proposed.

show abstract

“…Due to the advances in machine tool, computer numerical control (CNC), computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), cutting tool, and high speed machining technologies in the last couple of decades, the volume and importance of milling have increased in key industries such as aerospace, die and mold, automotive and component manufacturing [1]. With the advances in cutting tool technologies, hard milling has been recently employed to machine hardened steels (> 30 HRC) in making dies and molds for various automotive and electronic components as well as plastic molding parts [2]. Previous research in hard milling has focused on tool life [3], surface smoothness [4], white layer effect [5], cutting force modelling [6], machine stability [6], and optimum cutting parameters [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Evolutionary Approach for Cutting Forces Prediction in Hard Milling

Taylan

KAYACAN>

2011

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hard milling is a very common used machining procedure in the last years. Therefore the prediction of cutting forces is important. The paper deals with this prediction using genetic evolutionary programming (GEP) approach to set mathematical expression for out cutting forces. In this study, face milling was performed using DIN1.2842 (90MnCrV8) cold work tool steel, with a hardness of 61 HRC. Experimental parameters were selected using stability measurements and simulations. In the hard milling experiments, cutting force data in a total of three axes were collected. Feed direction (F x ) and tangential direction (F y ) cutting forces generated using genetic evolutionary programming were modelled. Cutting speed and feed rate values were treated as inputs in the models, and average cutting force values as output. Mathematical expressions were created to predict average F x and F y forces that can be generated in hard material milling.

show abstract

An experimental and analytical analysis on chip morphology, phase transformation, oxidation, and their relationships in finish hard milling

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation on the chip formation concerning tool inclination angles in ball end milling of H13 die steel

Investigation on the chip formation concerning tool inclination angles in ball end milling of H13 die steel

Surface Integrity Characterization and Prediction in Machining of Hardened and Difficult-to-Machine Alloys: A State-of-Art Research Review and Analysis

Genetic Evolutionary Approach for Cutting Forces Prediction in Hard Milling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About