An Experimental Investigation of Cu-Ni-Sn Alloy on Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Parameters Optimization using DOE

Abstract

Copper- Nickel-Tin (Cu-Ni-Sn) spinodally decomposable alloy of composition Cu-7Ni-4Sn was prepared by using sand casting process. The specimens required for microscopic examination, micro-hardness and wear tests were prepared from heat treated (homogenization, solution and ageing) cast rods. The microscopic examination results revealed that the as-cast dendrite structure was disappeared during the homogenization, solution and ageing processes and forms grains of various sizes with respect to ageing time. The hardness of the alloy was increased from 206 HV at solution treated condition to 235 HV at four hours of ageing. By using pin-on-disc wear tester in dry sliding condition an adhesive wear test was conducted as per L9 orthogonal array by taking parameters of applied load, sliding speed and ageing time. An optimum level of parameter for each case was determined through S/N ratio investigation by considering "smallerthe-better". From this investigation, it was found that the parameter ageing time was the dominant as compared to other two parameters. The significant parameter that affect the response was indicated by the results obtained from ANOVA and these results were agreed with S/N analysis. The developed linear regression equation was validated through confirmation experiments. The wear mechanism was observed on worn out surfaces by selecting appropriate specimens considering applied load and sliding speed for both normal and optimum parameter specimens using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Investigation of Tribological Behaviour of AA-6063 Cast Using In-Situ Microwave Process By Taguchi Method & ANFIS Model

“…Therefore, low velocity will negatively affect the wear rate. Compared to higher speeds, as time of contact between the wear samples and the sliding surface increases, wear rate increases at lower speeds [20]. The interface temperature will increase as the sliding velocity increases resulting in the formation of an oxide layer [21].…”

“…Consequently, the wear rate is inversely proportional to the sliding distance. The formation of the in exible layer is particularly because of the adhesion of the opposite material [20]. In the initial sliding distance, the material loss will be higher due to the smaller contact area between the steel plate and the wear sample.…”

“…Saravanan et al [2018] used Taguchi technology to study the tribological properties of AA7075-TiC composites, and pointed out that slip speed was determined to be the extreme duty factor for the wear rate of AA7075-TiC composites [12]. Sreejith et al [2018] conducted the experiments to optimize the wear variables of Al-25Zn and Al-3Cu alloys through stir casting. As Taguchi's analysis showed that surface wear rate is proportional to the normal load and inversely proportional to the slip speed and the slip distance.…”

Friction and wear of Cu-15 wt%Ni-8 wt%Sn bronze lubricated by grease at room and elevated temperature

“…Ilangovan et al studied the hardness and wear of sand cast CuNiSn (Cu-7 wt%Ni-4 wt%Sn). The Vickers hardness was found to increase with the hardening aging time due to a microstructure change; an adhesive wear mechanism was reported through pin-on-disc wear tests [7].…”

Microstructures, mechanical properties, and grease-lubricated sliding wear behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.8Nb alloy with high strength and toughness

“…However, the fumes produced by Cu-Be alloys during processing and the debris derived from friction are harmful to human health. Furthermore, Be is very expensive compared to other elements, such as Ni, Sn, Ti, and Al [3]. To overcome these problems, alternative materials are being investigated.…”