An In Vitro Evaluation of Primary Stability Values for Two Differently Designed Implants to Suit Immediate Loading in Very Soft Bone

Krischik, Dirk; Tokgöz, Selen Ergin; Orten, Andreas van; Friedmann, Anton; Bilhan, Hakan

doi:10.3390/dj9010005

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A recently introduced progressive-type two-piece implant (PL) combines different thread designs spanning from the upper parallel segment down to the apex of the lower tapered segment. In vitro data have indicated that this particular implant design was associated with adequate primary stability values in a very challenging type-4 bone model [ 9 ], thus suggesting its suitability for immediate protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical performance of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone: a prospective observational study

et al. 2022

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Purpose To assess implant success and survival of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone. Material and methods A total of n = 21 patients (21 implants) had received an immediate placement of a tapered, two-part implant with a progressive thread design (PL) for a single tooth replacement in the anterior maxilla. An immediate ‘non full-functional loaded’ restoration was provided upon adequate primary stability on a final patient-specific abutment (one abutment-one time concept). The final restoration was provided at 12 weeks (baseline). Implant survival and success (e.g. bleeding on probing—BOP, probing pocket depth—PD, mucosal recession—MR, pink esthetic score—PES) as well as patient- reported outcomes (PROM`S) were recorded at 6 and 12 months. Results An adequate primary implant stability (i.e. insertion torque > 35 Ncm) was obtained at all but one sites. At 12 months, implant survival (n = 20 patients) amounted to 100%. Non-significant changes to baseline were noted for mean BOP (2.5 ± 28.2%), PD (− 0.26 ± 0.73 mm), and MR (0.0 ± 0.4 mm) values. PES values amounted to 12.9 ± 1.14 and 13.2 ± 0.84 at 6 and 12 months. Technical and mechanical complications were not observed. Patients expressed an overall high satisfaction. Conclusions The presented immediacy protocol was associated with high survival and success rates on the short-term. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical performance of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone: a prospective observational study

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, according to some in vitro and cadaver studies [5,6,22,26,44], the implant site under-preparation is able to significantly improve not only the IT and RFA, but also the implant PS in low-quality bone. Moreover, in preparing dental implant osteotomies, it was revealed that a low-speed drilling without irrigation has been comparable to conventional drilling [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Stability Assessment of Conical Implants in Under-Prepared Sites: An In Vitro Study in Low-Density Polyurethane Foams

Comuzzi

Tumedei

Covani³

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Bone characteristics, the implant macrogeometry, and the drilling technique are considered the main important factors to obtain a good implant primary stability (PS). Indeed, although it is known that implant placement in poor bone sites increases the possibility of implant failure, several surgical procedures have been proposed to improve PS, such as site under-preparation. Hence, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the insertion torque (IT), removal torque (RT), and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of conical implants (3.3 and 4 × 13 mm) placed in under-prepared sites on 10 and 20 pounds per cubic foot (PCF) density polyurethane sheets (simulating a D3 and D2 bone, respectively) with and without a cortical sheet of 30 PCF in density (corresponding to a D1 bone). After using ANOVA or Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to elaborate data, the resulting IT and RT values were directly proportional to the polyurethane block densities (e.g., the lowest and highest IT values were 8.36 ± 0.52 Ncm in the 10 PCF density sheet and 46.21 ± 0.79 Ncm in the 20 PCF density sheet + cortical for 4 × 13 mm implants) and increased with the increasing amount of site under-preparation (the highest results for both implants were found with a 2.2 mm under-preparation, showing a significantly higher IT with a p < 0.05 compared with others, especially in the highest-density sheets). Both implants inserted in the 20 PCF density block + cortical with all under-preparation protocols exhibited significantly higher RFA values (p < 0.05–0.0001) compared with the corresponding ones in the 10 PCF block. Moreover, 3.3 × 13 mm implants showed the same results comparing the 20 PCF block and the 10 PCF block + cortical. In conclusion, in this in vitro study using low-density polyurethane blocks, the under-preparation of the implant insertion sites was shown to be effective in increasing implants’ PS.

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“…Considering that implant osseointegration is a continuous biological process involving constant bone remodeling [14], in vitro studies encountered challenges in accurately reproducing the clinical scenario. An in vitro study using bovine ribs from Krischik et al [15] evaluated different implant designs and the implant site preparation for obtaining primary stability, and both factors influenced the results. Flanagan et al [16] evaluated the horizontal force required to move non-osseointegrated implants in bovine mandibles in vitro, concluding that there is a need to control occlusal forces during implant healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An in vitro study using bovine ribs from Krischik et al. [15] evaluated different implant designs and the implant site preparation for obtaining primary stability, and both factors influenced the results. Flanagan et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding mechanobiological cell features to finite element analysis of an immediately loaded dental implant

Martinello,

Cartagena‐Molina,

Capelletti

et al. 2024

European J Oral Sciences

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Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to analyze the behavior of dental materials, mainly in implantology. However, FEA is a mechanical analysis and few studies have tried to simulate the biological characteristics of the healing process of loaded implants. This study used the rule of mixtures to simulate the biological healing process of immediate implants in an alveolus socket and bone‐implant junction interface through FEA. Three‐dimensional geometric models of the structures were obtained, and material properties were derived from the literature. The rule of mixtures was used to simulate the healing periods—immediate and early loading, in which the concentration of each cell type, based on in vivo studies, influenced the final elastic moduli. A 100 N occlusal load was simulated in axial and oblique directions. The models were evaluated for maximum and minimum principal strains, and the bone overload was assessed through Frost's mechanostat. There was a higher strain concentration in the healing regions and cortical bone tissue near the cervical portion. The bone overload was higher in the immediate load condition. The method used in this study may help to simulate the biological healing process and could be useful to relate FEA results to clinical practice.

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An In Vitro Evaluation of Primary Stability Values for Two Differently Designed Implants to Suit Immediate Loading in Very Soft Bone

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Clinical performance of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone: a prospective observational study

Clinical performance of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone: a prospective observational study

Primary Stability Assessment of Conical Implants in Under-Prepared Sites: An In Vitro Study in Low-Density Polyurethane Foams

Adding mechanobiological cell features to finite element analysis of an immediately loaded dental implant

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